Poly[bis­(μ4-oxalato)potassium(I)praseodymium(III)]

Kummoon, K.; Laksee, S.; Chainok, K.

doi:10.1107/S2414314625006078

inorganic compounds

IUCrDATA

ISSN: 2414-3146

Volume 10| Part 7| July 2025| x250607

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625006078

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Poly[bis(μ₄-oxalato)potassium(I)praseodymium(III)]

Kanthida Kummoon,^a Sakchai Laksee ^b and Kittipong Chainok ^a ^*

^aThammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-McMa), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand, and ^bNuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
^*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by M. Weil, Vienna University of Technology, Austria (Received 27 May 2025; accepted 7 July 2025; online 11 July 2025)

The asymmetric unit of the title oxalate-bridged bimetallic coordination polymer, [KPr(C₂O₄)₂]_n, contains one Pr³⁺ cation, one K⁺ cation, one complete C₂O₄^2– anion, and one half of each of two C₂O₄^2– anions positioned on crystallographic inversion centers in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c. The completely deprotonated C₂O₄^2– ligands exhibit a μ₄-chelating/bridging coordination mode that connects the Pr³⁺ and K⁺ cations into a framework structure.

Keywords: crystal structure; coordination polymer; oxalate; potassium; praseodymium.

CCDC reference: 2470468

Structure description

For over a decade, lanthanide-based coordination polymers have garnered significant interest due to their intriguing structural topologies and prospective applications in gas storage, catalysis, separation, luminescence or molecular magnetism (Patra & Pal, 2025 ; Wang et al., 2025 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ). Because of the strong Lewis acidity of lanthanide ions as hard Pearson acids, ligands featuring donor oxygen atoms have been thoroughly investigated. Likewise, polycarboxylate ligands have been attracting interest due to their chemical and thermal stability, capacity to affect structural details via hydrogen-bonding interactions, and carboxylate functional groups that provide extensive structural diversity through several possible coordination modes (Janicki et al., 2017 ; Liu et al., 2010 ). For the current study, oxalate (C₂O₄^2–) ligands were employed to synthesize novel bimetallic coordination polymers based on specific rational designs. The oxalate anion has four oxygen atoms capable of coordinating to lanthanide cations in several coordination modes. In addition, alkali metal cations were incorporated with the premise that the synergistic interactions between alkali and lanthanide metal ions might promote the formation of novel heterometallic coordination polymers exhibiting new crystal structures (Ponjan et al., 2020 ). A search in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, version 5.46, last update February 2025; Groom et al., 2016 ) using the CONQUEST software (Bruno et al., 2002 ) revealed that only two crystal structures of oxalate-bridged coordination polymers containing potassium(I) and praseodymium(III) ions are documented: [K₂Pr₂(C₂O₄)₄(H₂O)] (COYNOV; Hong et al., 2014 ) and [KPr₂(C₂O₄)_0.5(C₈H₄O₄)₃(H₂O)₃] (NULYOJ; Yang et al., 2009 ). In the current data report, we present the synthesis and crystal structure of a novel oxalate-bridged potassium(I)-praseodymium(III) heterometallic complex, [KPr(C₂O₄)₂]_n.

The asymmetric unit of the title coordination polymer comprises one Pr³⁺ cation, one K⁺ cation, one complete C₂O₄^2– anion, and two half of each of two C₂O₄^2– anions situated at crystallographic inversion centers. Fig. 1 shows the ninefold coordination of the Pr³⁺ cation by nine oxygen atoms from five distinct C₂O₄^2– ligands with the O4ⁱ atom [symmetry code (i): x, $[{3\over 2}]$ − y, z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ] occupying the capping position of the distorted monocapped antiprism (Fig. 2). The Pr—O bond lengths vary from 2.4590 (17) to 2.6011 (18) Å, with an average bond length of 2.528 Å. The K⁺ cation is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms from four different C₂O₄^2– ligands. The K—O bond lengths range from 2.7664 (18) to 3.152 (2) Å, with an average bond length of 2.919 Å. The bond lengths in the two metal–oxygen polyhedra are comparable to those for the related compounds mentioned above (Hong et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2009).

Figure 1
The enlarged asymmetric unit of the title coordination polymer illustrating the complete coordination spheres of the Pr³⁺ and K⁺ cations. Displacement ellipsoids are depicted at the 50% probability level. [Symmetry codes: (i) x, $[{3\over 2}]$ − y, z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (ii) 1 − x, 1 − y, −z; (iii) 1 + x, y, z; (iv) 2 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z; (v) x − 1, $[{3\over 2}]$ − y, z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (vi) 2 − x, $[{1\over 2}]$ + y, $[{1\over 2}]$ − z; (vii) x − 1, $[{3\over 2}]$ − y, z − $[{1\over 2}]$ .]

Figure 2
Coordination polyhedron around the Pr³⁺ cation in the title coordination polymer. Symmetry codes and displacement ellipsoids are as in Fig. 1

The oxalate anion, C1/C2/O1/O2/O3/O4, which is situated in a general position, coordinates to the central Pr³⁺ and K⁺ cations in a μ₄-κ²O1,O2:κ²O3,O4:κ²O1,O3:κ²O2,O4 coordination mode, leading to the formation of a corrugated sheet extending in the ac plane. Neighbouring sheets are linked by the two other C₂O₄^2– ligands positioned over inversion centers, C3/C3ⁱⁱ/O5/O5ⁱⁱ/O6/O6ⁱⁱ [symmetry code: (ii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z] and C4/C4^iv/O7/O7^iv/O8/O8^iv [symmetry code (iv): −x + 2, −y + 1, −z + 1], in a μ₄-κO6:κO6ⁱⁱ:κ²O5,O6ⁱⁱ:κ²O5ⁱⁱ,O6 and μ₄-κ²O7,O8:κ²O7^iv′,O8^iv:κ²O7,O8^iv:κ²O7^ivO8 coordination mode, respectively, creating a tri-periodic framework structure (Fig. 3).

Figure 3
Perspective view of the framework structure along the a axis containing the coordination polyhedron of the Pr³⁺ cation. The K—O bonds are represented by small rods. Displacement ellipsoids are as in Fig. 1

Synthesis and crystallization

A mixture of Pr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (0.218 g, 0.5 mmol), oxalic acid (0.045 g, 0.5 mmol) and KOH (0.112 g, 2.0 mmol) in a mixed water (5 ml) and DMF (5 ml) solution was sealed in a 23 ml Teflon-lined steel autoclave and heated at 463 K for 48 h. The autoclave was then cooled to room temperature, and light-green hexagonal-shaped crystals were obtained in a yield of 57% (0.124 g) based on Pr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	[KPr(C₂O₄)₂]
M_r	356.05
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c
Temperature (K)	296
a, b, c (Å)	5.7205 (1), 14.9416 (3), 8.8848 (2)
β (°)	92.665 (1)
V (Å³)	758.59 (3)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	6.99
Crystal size (mm)	0.12 × 0.06 × 0.06

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker D8 QUEST CMOS PHOTON II
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015 )
T_min, T_max	0.603, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	18857, 1889, 1829
R_int	0.032
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.668

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.016, 0.038, 1.20
No. of reflections	1889
No. of parameters	127
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.44, −1.07
Computer programs: APEX6 and SAINT (Bruker, 2023 ), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b ) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ).

Structural data

CCDC reference: 2470468

Crystal structure: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625006078/wm4230sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625006078/wm4230Isup2.hkl

Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625006078/wm4230Isup3.cdx

Letter of Response. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625006078/wm4230sup4.pdf

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Poly[bis(µ₄-oxalato)potassium(I)praseodymium(III)] top

Crystal data top

[KPr(C₂O₄)₂]	F(000) = 664
M_r = 356.05	D_x = 3.118 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 5.7205 (1) Å	Cell parameters from 9930 reflections
b = 14.9416 (3) Å	θ = 2.7–28.3°
c = 8.8848 (2) Å	µ = 6.99 mm⁻¹
β = 92.665 (1)°	T = 296 K
V = 758.59 (3) Å³	Hexagonal, light green
Z = 4	0.12 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm

Data collection top

BRUKER D8 QUEST CMOS PHOTON II diffractometer	1889 independent reflections
Radiation source: sealed x-ray tube	1829 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.032
Detector resolution: 7.39 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 28.4°, θ_min = 2.7°
ω and φ scans	h = −7→7
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)	k = −19→19
T_min = 0.603, T_max = 0.746	l = −11→11
18857 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	0 restraints
Least-squares matrix: full	Primary atom site location: dual
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.016	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0178P)² + 0.5554P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
wR(F²) = 0.038	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
S = 1.20	Δρ_max = 0.44 e Å⁻³
1889 reflections	Δρ_min = −1.07 e Å⁻³
127 parameters

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
K1	0.45578 (11)	0.86950 (4)	0.15682 (7)	0.02952 (13)
Pr1	0.92864 (2)	0.59670 (2)	0.18326 (2)	0.01100 (5)
O1	0.7504 (3)	0.73622 (12)	0.2696 (2)	0.0226 (4)
O2	0.7493 (3)	0.84258 (11)	0.44375 (19)	0.0190 (3)
O3	1.1506 (3)	0.66905 (11)	0.39824 (19)	0.0190 (3)
O4	1.1438 (3)	0.77457 (12)	0.5752 (2)	0.0214 (4)
O5	0.4910 (3)	0.56301 (12)	0.16446 (19)	0.0205 (4)
O6	0.2083 (3)	0.53450 (11)	−0.0105 (2)	0.0182 (3)
O7	1.1044 (3)	0.46803 (12)	0.32627 (18)	0.0216 (4)
O8	1.2497 (3)	0.44223 (14)	0.56080 (19)	0.0245 (4)
C1	0.8346 (4)	0.77504 (15)	0.3838 (3)	0.0139 (4)
C2	1.0638 (4)	0.73668 (15)	0.4589 (3)	0.0143 (4)
C3	0.4158 (4)	0.52864 (14)	0.0453 (2)	0.0128 (4)
C4	1.1034 (4)	0.47399 (15)	0.4679 (3)	0.0159 (4)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
K1	0.0228 (3)	0.0313 (3)	0.0336 (3)	−0.0036 (2)	−0.0085 (2)	0.0047 (3)
Pr1	0.01561 (8)	0.00942 (7)	0.00784 (7)	0.00076 (4)	−0.00097 (5)	−0.00028 (4)
O1	0.0259 (10)	0.0200 (8)	0.0208 (9)	0.0084 (7)	−0.0103 (7)	−0.0087 (7)
O2	0.0222 (9)	0.0178 (8)	0.0166 (8)	0.0076 (7)	−0.0035 (7)	−0.0061 (6)
O3	0.0209 (9)	0.0185 (8)	0.0172 (8)	0.0055 (7)	−0.0043 (7)	−0.0058 (7)
O4	0.0229 (9)	0.0196 (8)	0.0208 (9)	0.0052 (7)	−0.0085 (7)	−0.0082 (7)
O5	0.0193 (9)	0.0271 (9)	0.0152 (8)	−0.0018 (7)	0.0018 (7)	−0.0071 (7)
O6	0.0127 (8)	0.0172 (8)	0.0247 (9)	0.0004 (6)	0.0002 (7)	−0.0049 (7)
O7	0.0329 (10)	0.0201 (9)	0.0119 (8)	0.0076 (7)	0.0017 (7)	0.0005 (6)
O8	0.0195 (9)	0.0383 (11)	0.0158 (8)	0.0070 (8)	−0.0001 (7)	0.0072 (8)
C1	0.0157 (11)	0.0129 (10)	0.0130 (10)	−0.0001 (8)	−0.0016 (8)	0.0001 (8)
C2	0.0152 (11)	0.0123 (10)	0.0153 (11)	−0.0006 (8)	−0.0001 (8)	0.0002 (8)
C3	0.0133 (10)	0.0121 (10)	0.0132 (10)	−0.0017 (8)	0.0026 (8)	0.0011 (8)
C4	0.0199 (12)	0.0152 (10)	0.0129 (10)	−0.0015 (9)	0.0011 (8)	0.0032 (8)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

K1—O1	2.7664 (18)	Pr1—O7	2.4905 (18)
K1—O2	3.0138 (18)	Pr1—O8^vi	2.6011 (18)
K1—O3ⁱ	2.8785 (18)	O1—C1	1.246 (3)
K1—O4ⁱ	2.8679 (18)	O2—C1	1.251 (3)
K1—O7ⁱⁱ	2.9131 (19)	O3—C2	1.258 (3)
K1—O8ⁱⁱ	2.8392 (19)	O4—C2	1.247 (3)
K1—O8ⁱ	3.152 (2)	O5—C3	1.236 (3)
Pr1—O1	2.4590 (17)	O6—C3	1.268 (3)
Pr1—O2ⁱⁱⁱ	2.4901 (17)	O7—C4	1.262 (3)
Pr1—O3	2.4906 (17)	O8—C4	1.242 (3)
Pr1—O4ⁱⁱⁱ	2.4990 (17)	C1—C2	1.553 (3)
Pr1—O5	2.5514 (18)	C3—C3^iv	1.543 (4)
Pr1—O6^iv	2.5883 (16)	C4—C4^vi	1.547 (5)
Pr1—O6^v	2.5777 (17)

O1—K1—O2	44.88 (5)	O7—Pr1—O5	104.63 (6)
O1—K1—O3ⁱ	118.80 (5)	O7—Pr1—O6^v	79.29 (5)
O1—K1—O4ⁱ	84.99 (6)	O7—Pr1—O6^iv	79.73 (6)
O1—K1—O7ⁱⁱ	80.50 (6)	O7—Pr1—O8^vi	63.05 (6)
O1—K1—O8ⁱⁱ	98.71 (6)	Pr1—O1—K1	138.75 (7)
O1—K1—O8ⁱ	162.61 (6)	C1—O1—Pr1	119.90 (15)
O2—K1—O8ⁱ	122.32 (5)	C1—O1—K1	99.54 (13)
O3ⁱ—K1—O2	160.37 (5)	Pr1^vii—O2—K1	149.93 (7)
O3ⁱ—K1—O7ⁱⁱ	129.25 (5)	C1—O2—Pr1^vii	120.31 (14)
O3ⁱ—K1—O8ⁱ	75.95 (5)	C1—O2—K1	87.73 (13)
O4ⁱ—K1—O2	115.43 (5)	Pr1—O3—K1^viii	142.55 (7)
O4ⁱ—K1—O3ⁱ	45.63 (5)	C2—O3—Pr1	118.69 (14)
O4ⁱ—K1—O7ⁱⁱ	156.68 (6)	C2—O3—K1^viii	93.18 (13)
O4ⁱ—K1—O8ⁱ	112.39 (5)	Pr1^vii—O4—K1^viii	142.41 (7)
O7ⁱⁱ—K1—O2	65.03 (5)	C2—O4—Pr1^vii	119.98 (15)
O7ⁱⁱ—K1—O8ⁱ	82.78 (5)	C2—O4—K1^viii	93.94 (14)
O8ⁱⁱ—K1—O2	107.59 (5)	Pr1—O5—K1^ix	94.19 (5)
O8ⁱⁱ—K1—O3ⁱ	83.70 (5)	C3—O5—Pr1	116.08 (15)
O8ⁱⁱ—K1—O4ⁱ	119.81 (6)	C3—O5—K1^ix	93.93 (14)
O8ⁱⁱ—K1—O7ⁱⁱ	45.83 (5)	Pr1^x—O6—Pr1^iv	119.27 (6)
O8ⁱⁱ—K1—O8ⁱ	72.57 (6)	C3—O6—Pr1^iv	115.59 (14)
O1—Pr1—O2ⁱⁱⁱ	78.31 (6)	C3—O6—Pr1^x	111.22 (14)
O1—Pr1—O3	66.22 (6)	Pr1—O7—K1^xi	138.04 (7)
O1—Pr1—O4ⁱⁱⁱ	71.70 (7)	C4—O7—Pr1	115.73 (15)
O1—Pr1—O5	76.58 (6)	C4—O7—K1^xi	91.60 (14)
O1—Pr1—O6^iv	135.11 (6)	Pr1^vi—O8—K1^viii	96.89 (6)
O1—Pr1—O6^v	142.50 (6)	Pr1^vi—O8—K1^xi	141.18 (8)
O1—Pr1—O7	131.20 (6)	K1^xi—O8—K1^viii	107.43 (6)
O1—Pr1—O8^vi	74.44 (6)	C4—O8—Pr1^vi	112.76 (15)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O3	132.24 (6)	C4—O8—K1^xi	95.54 (14)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O4ⁱⁱⁱ	65.29 (5)	C4—O8—K1^viii	94.06 (15)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O5	69.64 (6)	O1—C1—O2	125.4 (2)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O6^v	78.71 (6)	O1—C1—C2	117.7 (2)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O6^iv	70.61 (5)	O2—C1—C2	116.9 (2)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O7	149.06 (6)	O3—C2—K1^viii	63.74 (12)
O2ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O8^vi	131.75 (6)	O3—C2—C1	117.0 (2)
O3—Pr1—O4ⁱⁱⁱ	73.62 (6)	O4—C2—K1^viii	63.23 (12)
O3—Pr1—O5	126.83 (6)	O4—C2—O3	125.7 (2)
O3—Pr1—O6^v	111.02 (6)	O4—C2—C1	117.3 (2)
O3—Pr1—O6^iv	155.90 (6)	C1—C2—K1^viii	166.83 (15)
O3—Pr1—O8^vi	68.48 (6)	O5—C3—O6	126.1 (2)
O4ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O5	128.75 (6)	O5—C3—C3^iv	118.5 (2)
O4ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O6^iv	119.74 (6)	O6—C3—C3^iv	115.4 (2)
O4ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O6^v	71.88 (6)	K1^xi—C4—K1^viii	92.69 (6)
O4ⁱⁱⁱ—Pr1—O8^vi	136.72 (6)	O7—C4—K1^xi	65.24 (13)
O5—Pr1—O6^iv	62.79 (5)	O7—C4—K1^viii	120.05 (16)
O5—Pr1—O6^v	121.51 (5)	O7—C4—C4^vi	116.2 (3)
O5—Pr1—O8^vi	65.77 (6)	O8—C4—K1^viii	65.02 (14)
O6^v—Pr1—O6^iv	60.73 (6)	O8—C4—K1^xi	61.79 (13)
O6^iv—Pr1—O8^vi	103.22 (6)	O8—C4—O7	127.0 (2)
O6^v—Pr1—O8^vi	141.64 (6)	O8—C4—C4^vi	116.8 (2)
O7—Pr1—O3	76.38 (6)	C4^vi—C4—K1^viii	85.41 (17)
O7—Pr1—O4ⁱⁱⁱ	126.57 (6)	C4^vi—C4—K1^xi	178.0 (2)

K1—O1—C1—O2	17.8 (3)	Pr1—O3—C2—C1	−5.8 (3)
K1—O1—C1—C2	−162.38 (17)	Pr1^vii—O4—C2—K1^viii	−163.10 (16)
K1—O2—C1—O1	−16.1 (3)	Pr1^vii—O4—C2—O3	−176.62 (18)
K1—O2—C1—C2	164.10 (18)	Pr1^vii—O4—C2—C1	2.1 (3)
K1^viii—O3—C2—O4	13.5 (3)	Pr1—O5—C3—O6	−153.70 (19)
K1^viii—O3—C2—C1	−165.28 (17)	Pr1—O5—C3—C3^iv	27.5 (3)
K1^viii—O4—C2—O3	−13.5 (3)	Pr1^x—O6—C3—O5	−13.3 (3)
K1^viii—O4—C2—C1	165.21 (17)	Pr1^iv—O6—C3—O5	−153.45 (19)
K1^ix—O5—C3—O6	109.7 (2)	Pr1^iv—O6—C3—C3^iv	25.4 (3)
K1^ix—O5—C3—C3^iv	−69.1 (2)	Pr1^x—O6—C3—C3^iv	165.52 (19)
K1^xi—O7—C4—K1^viii	78.04 (13)	Pr1—O7—C4—K1^xi	−147.06 (14)
K1^xi—O7—C4—O8	−1.9 (3)	Pr1—O7—C4—K1^viii	−69.02 (18)
K1^xi—O7—C4—C4^vi	178.5 (2)	Pr1—O7—C4—O8	−148.9 (2)
K1^viii—O8—C4—K1^xi	107.97 (7)	Pr1—O7—C4—C4^vi	31.5 (3)
K1^xi—O8—C4—K1^viii	−107.97 (7)	Pr1^vi—O8—C4—K1^xi	−152.81 (15)
K1^xi—O8—C4—O7	1.9 (3)	Pr1^vi—O8—C4—K1^viii	99.21 (11)
K1^viii—O8—C4—O7	109.9 (2)	Pr1^vi—O8—C4—O7	−150.9 (2)
K1^xi—O8—C4—C4^vi	−178.5 (2)	Pr1^vi—O8—C4—C4^vi	28.7 (3)
K1^viii—O8—C4—C4^vi	−70.5 (3)	O1—C1—C2—K1^viii	−89.4 (7)
Pr1—O1—C1—O2	−174.77 (18)	O1—C1—C2—O3	0.6 (3)
Pr1—O1—C1—C2	5.0 (3)	O1—C1—C2—O4	−178.3 (2)
Pr1^vii—O2—C1—O1	175.37 (19)	O2—C1—C2—K1^viii	90.4 (7)
Pr1^vii—O2—C1—C2	−4.5 (3)	O2—C1—C2—O3	−179.6 (2)
Pr1—O3—C2—K1^viii	159.52 (15)	O2—C1—C2—O4	1.6 (3)
Pr1—O3—C2—O4	172.99 (19)

Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, −y+3/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+2, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (iii) x, −y+3/2, z−1/2; (iv) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (v) x+1, y, z; (vi) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (vii) x, −y+3/2, z+1/2; (viii) x+1, −y+3/2, z+1/2; (ix) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2; (x) x−1, y, z; (xi) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+1/2.

Acknowledgements

This work was mainly funded by the Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-McMa).

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST) (scholarship No. SCA-CO-2564-14600-TH to Kanthida Kummoon).

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