organic compounds
2-Amino-6-nitro-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate
aLaboratory of Natural Products and Applied Organic Synthesis (LANAPOS), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812 Yaounde, Republic of , Cameroon, and bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]
In the title salt, C7H6N3O2S+·C7H5O6S−, the cation is protonated at the thiazole N atom and the dihedral angle between the nitro group and its attached benzene ring is 3.6 (4)°. In the anion, the sulfonate group is deprotonated and the dihedral angle between the carboxylic acid grouping and its attached ring is 7.1 (4)° and an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, cation-to-anion N—H⋯O and anion-to-anion O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the component ions into (101) sheets. Aromatic π–π stacking and weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S interactions also occur.
Keywords: crystal structure; salt; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 2431842
Structure description
Salicylic acid and benzothiazole derivatives are present in several skeletons with different biological activities (Pavle et al., 2015
; Ekinci et al., 2011
; Yadav et al., 2023
; Djuidje et al., 2022
). The assembly of several pharmacophores within a single skeleton, known as hybrid molecules (Shaveta et al., 2016
), is an emerging approach to drug design. The association of pharmacophores into one molecule can be achieved through the creation of strong σ bonds or by the formation of ionic bonds through the synthesis of salts (Singh et al., 2022
). The formulation of drugs in salt form has the advantage of improving the solubility of the active ingredient in the physiological fluids (Gupta et al., 2018
), as well as solving problems of stability, toxicity, and low absorption (Sekhon, 2011
). Salts of benzothiazole derivatives possess auxin-like activity (Giannella et al., 1971
), while salts of salicylic acid are used in the flavoring of foods, sweets, beverages and pharmaceuticals (Ekinci et al., 2011
).
The combination of salicylic acid and 2-aminobenzothiazole fragments could lead to a hybrid salt that combines the biological potentials of the different fragments and we now describe the structure of the title molecular salt, C7H6N3O2S+·C7H5O6S− (Fig. 1
). The cation is protonated at the thiazole N23 atom and the dihedral angle between the N24/O26/O27 nitro group and its attached C15–C20 benzene ring is 3.6 (4)°. In the anion, the S9/O10/O11/O12 sulfonate group is deprotonated and the dihedral angle between the C7/O13/O14 carboxylic acid grouping and its attached C1–C6 ring is 7.1 (2)°. An intramolecular O8—H8⋯O13 hydrogen bond (Table 1
) occurs in the anion. The cation and anion in the asymmetric unit lie in approximately the same plane with a dihedral angle between the best planes through the ring systems of 10.75 (12)°.
|
| Figure 1 The asymmetric unit of the title compound with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. |
In the crystal (Fig. 2
), anion-to-anion O14—H144⋯O12 hydrogen bonds link the anions into [10] chains and cation-to-anion N—H⋯O links generate (10
) sheets. Aromatic π–π stacking with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.7043 (18) Å and a slippage of 0.862 Å occurs between the centroids of the C1–C6 and C15–C20 benzene rings and weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S interactions also occur.
| Figure 2 Part of the packing diagram viewed along b-axis direction. Hydrogen bonds are shown with dashed lines. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are omitted for clarity. |
Synthesis and crystallization
A mixture of 5 ml of an ethanolic solution of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole (0.975 g, 5 mmol) and 5 ml of an ethanolic solution of sulfosalicylic acid (1.225 g, 5 mmol) was refluxed for 2 h. The yellow crystalline precipitate was collected on a filter and recrystallized from ethanol solution to give 1.951 g (98%) of the title salt in the form of yellow blocks. For spectroscopic and analytical details, see Djossu et al. (2025
).
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure details are summarized in Table 2
.
|
Structural data
CCDC reference: 2431842
contains datablocks I, global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S241431462500478X/hb4518sup1.cif
Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S241431462500478X/hb4518Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S241431462500478X/hb4518Isup3.cml
| C7H6N3O2S+·C7H5O6S− | F(000) = 848 |
| Mr = 413.38 | Dx = 1.779 Mg m−3 |
| Monoclinic, P21/n | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
| a = 7.8421 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 7727 reflections |
| b = 12.3037 (5) Å | θ = 2.8–28.4° |
| c = 16.0821 (6) Å | µ = 0.40 mm−1 |
| β = 96.081 (3)° | T = 120 K |
| V = 1542.98 (10) Å3 | Block, yellow |
| Z = 4 | 0.15 × 0.08 × 0.05 mm |
| Stoe IPDS 2T diffractometer | 3652 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube, 12x0.4mm long-fine focus | 2894 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| Detector resolution: 6.67 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.036 |
| rotation method, ω scans | θmax = 28.0°, θmin = 2.8° |
| Absorption correction: integration (X-RED; Stoe & Cie, 2020) | h = −10→10 |
| Tmin = 0.952, Tmax = 0.977 | k = −16→14 |
| 7249 measured reflections | l = −21→19 |
| Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: dual |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.060 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
| wR(F2) = 0.147 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0372P)2 + 5.2258P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
| S = 1.16 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| 3652 reflections | Δρmax = 0.52 e Å−3 |
| 259 parameters | Δρmin = −0.54 e Å−3 |
| 0 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms were placed at calculated positions and were refined in the riding-model approximation with C—H = 0.99 Å and Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C). |
| x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
| C1 | 0.6518 (4) | 0.0838 (3) | 0.2698 (2) | 0.0158 (6) | |
| C2 | 0.6533 (4) | −0.0250 (3) | 0.2968 (2) | 0.0192 (7) | |
| C3 | 0.7293 (4) | −0.0523 (3) | 0.3765 (2) | 0.0195 (7) | |
| H3 | 0.731183 | −0.125786 | 0.394662 | 0.023* | |
| C4 | 0.8015 (4) | 0.0278 (3) | 0.4288 (2) | 0.0182 (7) | |
| H4 | 0.849399 | 0.009402 | 0.483748 | 0.022* | |
| C5 | 0.8050 (4) | 0.1353 (3) | 0.4021 (2) | 0.0159 (6) | |
| C6 | 0.7324 (4) | 0.1627 (3) | 0.3226 (2) | 0.0166 (6) | |
| H6 | 0.737463 | 0.235728 | 0.303905 | 0.020* | |
| C7 | 0.5593 (4) | 0.1147 (3) | 0.1885 (2) | 0.0178 (6) | |
| O8 | 0.5814 (3) | −0.1059 (2) | 0.24785 (17) | 0.0249 (6) | |
| H8 | 0.544 (6) | −0.083 (4) | 0.202 (3) | 0.037* | |
| S9 | 0.89932 (10) | 0.23678 (7) | 0.46895 (5) | 0.01698 (19) | |
| O10 | 1.0829 (3) | 0.2334 (2) | 0.46593 (17) | 0.0284 (6) | |
| O11 | 0.8229 (3) | 0.3393 (2) | 0.44040 (16) | 0.0271 (6) | |
| O12 | 0.8540 (3) | 0.2077 (2) | 0.55230 (15) | 0.0253 (6) | |
| O13 | 0.4885 (3) | 0.0483 (2) | 0.13908 (15) | 0.0218 (5) | |
| O14 | 0.5567 (3) | 0.2203 (2) | 0.17555 (15) | 0.0225 (5) | |
| H144 | 0.494 (6) | 0.238 (4) | 0.129 (3) | 0.034* | |
| C15 | 0.3114 (4) | 0.5144 (3) | 0.1841 (2) | 0.0215 (7) | |
| H15 | 0.266975 | 0.475166 | 0.135708 | 0.026* | |
| C16 | 0.2677 (4) | 0.6222 (3) | 0.1932 (2) | 0.0201 (7) | |
| C17 | 0.3252 (4) | 0.6844 (3) | 0.2627 (2) | 0.0197 (7) | |
| H17 | 0.293611 | 0.758544 | 0.267279 | 0.024* | |
| C18 | 0.4311 (4) | 0.6325 (3) | 0.3250 (2) | 0.0186 (7) | |
| C19 | 0.4790 (4) | 0.5237 (3) | 0.3160 (2) | 0.0178 (6) | |
| C20 | 0.4201 (4) | 0.4638 (3) | 0.2456 (2) | 0.0206 (7) | |
| H20 | 0.453567 | 0.390245 | 0.239810 | 0.025* | |
| S21 | 0.52666 (11) | 0.68751 (7) | 0.41888 (6) | 0.0212 (2) | |
| C22 | 0.6366 (4) | 0.5670 (3) | 0.4408 (2) | 0.0178 (6) | |
| N23 | 0.5936 (4) | 0.4905 (2) | 0.38293 (18) | 0.0174 (6) | |
| H23 | 0.639 (5) | 0.431 (4) | 0.389 (3) | 0.026* | |
| N24 | 0.1552 (4) | 0.6738 (2) | 0.12574 (18) | 0.0210 (6) | |
| N25 | 0.7462 (4) | 0.5524 (3) | 0.50724 (19) | 0.0223 (6) | |
| H25A | 0.793 (6) | 0.487 (4) | 0.515 (3) | 0.033* | |
| H25B | 0.779 (6) | 0.612 (4) | 0.537 (3) | 0.033* | |
| O26 | 0.1226 (3) | 0.7708 (2) | 0.13176 (16) | 0.0264 (6) | |
| O27 | 0.0987 (3) | 0.6171 (2) | 0.06582 (16) | 0.0267 (6) |
| U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
| C1 | 0.0164 (14) | 0.0157 (15) | 0.0157 (14) | −0.0001 (12) | 0.0034 (11) | −0.0020 (12) |
| C2 | 0.0161 (15) | 0.0190 (17) | 0.0228 (16) | −0.0018 (12) | 0.0035 (12) | −0.0061 (13) |
| C3 | 0.0197 (16) | 0.0137 (15) | 0.0252 (17) | −0.0016 (12) | 0.0027 (13) | 0.0022 (13) |
| C4 | 0.0187 (15) | 0.0192 (17) | 0.0165 (15) | 0.0022 (12) | 0.0007 (12) | −0.0002 (12) |
| C5 | 0.0168 (15) | 0.0133 (15) | 0.0177 (15) | −0.0004 (11) | 0.0020 (12) | −0.0020 (12) |
| C6 | 0.0169 (15) | 0.0131 (15) | 0.0202 (15) | −0.0008 (12) | 0.0036 (12) | −0.0001 (12) |
| C7 | 0.0162 (15) | 0.0206 (17) | 0.0171 (15) | 0.0012 (12) | 0.0044 (12) | −0.0009 (13) |
| O8 | 0.0319 (14) | 0.0145 (12) | 0.0270 (13) | −0.0026 (10) | −0.0033 (11) | −0.0019 (10) |
| S9 | 0.0175 (4) | 0.0133 (4) | 0.0195 (4) | 0.0008 (3) | −0.0009 (3) | −0.0015 (3) |
| O10 | 0.0186 (12) | 0.0311 (15) | 0.0353 (14) | −0.0030 (11) | 0.0022 (10) | −0.0080 (12) |
| O11 | 0.0351 (14) | 0.0142 (12) | 0.0294 (14) | 0.0026 (10) | −0.0090 (11) | −0.0037 (10) |
| O12 | 0.0298 (14) | 0.0267 (14) | 0.0189 (12) | −0.0043 (11) | 0.0009 (10) | −0.0006 (10) |
| O13 | 0.0251 (13) | 0.0188 (12) | 0.0207 (12) | −0.0002 (10) | −0.0009 (10) | −0.0058 (10) |
| O14 | 0.0307 (13) | 0.0174 (12) | 0.0177 (11) | −0.0008 (10) | −0.0052 (10) | 0.0026 (9) |
| C15 | 0.0224 (17) | 0.0212 (18) | 0.0214 (16) | −0.0033 (13) | 0.0048 (13) | −0.0024 (13) |
| C16 | 0.0167 (15) | 0.0218 (17) | 0.0222 (16) | −0.0003 (13) | 0.0036 (12) | 0.0093 (13) |
| C17 | 0.0185 (15) | 0.0155 (16) | 0.0255 (17) | 0.0000 (12) | 0.0047 (13) | 0.0027 (13) |
| C18 | 0.0159 (15) | 0.0151 (16) | 0.0251 (17) | −0.0012 (12) | 0.0042 (12) | 0.0007 (13) |
| C19 | 0.0159 (15) | 0.0172 (16) | 0.0211 (16) | −0.0006 (12) | 0.0055 (12) | 0.0032 (12) |
| C20 | 0.0219 (16) | 0.0163 (16) | 0.0244 (17) | −0.0028 (13) | 0.0065 (13) | 0.0008 (13) |
| S21 | 0.0220 (4) | 0.0147 (4) | 0.0261 (4) | 0.0025 (3) | −0.0006 (3) | −0.0024 (3) |
| C22 | 0.0168 (15) | 0.0143 (16) | 0.0234 (16) | −0.0008 (12) | 0.0072 (12) | 0.0021 (13) |
| N23 | 0.0167 (13) | 0.0122 (13) | 0.0234 (14) | 0.0018 (10) | 0.0028 (11) | −0.0002 (11) |
| N24 | 0.0197 (14) | 0.0214 (15) | 0.0226 (14) | −0.0009 (11) | 0.0049 (11) | 0.0023 (12) |
| N25 | 0.0228 (15) | 0.0196 (15) | 0.0240 (15) | 0.0018 (12) | −0.0002 (12) | −0.0015 (12) |
| O26 | 0.0306 (14) | 0.0211 (13) | 0.0277 (13) | 0.0056 (11) | 0.0037 (11) | 0.0016 (10) |
| O27 | 0.0275 (13) | 0.0300 (15) | 0.0225 (12) | −0.0020 (11) | 0.0020 (10) | −0.0013 (11) |
| C1—C6 | 1.397 (4) | C15—C20 | 1.384 (5) |
| C1—C2 | 1.407 (5) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
| C1—C7 | 1.477 (4) | C16—C17 | 1.389 (5) |
| C2—O8 | 1.354 (4) | C16—N24 | 1.468 (4) |
| C2—C3 | 1.396 (5) | C17—C18 | 1.388 (5) |
| C3—C4 | 1.377 (5) | C17—H17 | 0.9500 |
| C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C18—C19 | 1.402 (5) |
| C4—C5 | 1.393 (5) | C18—S21 | 1.748 (4) |
| C4—H4 | 0.9500 | C19—N23 | 1.388 (4) |
| C5—C6 | 1.384 (4) | C19—C20 | 1.389 (5) |
| C5—S9 | 1.759 (3) | C20—H20 | 0.9500 |
| C6—H6 | 0.9500 | S21—C22 | 1.732 (3) |
| C7—O13 | 1.230 (4) | C22—N25 | 1.312 (5) |
| C7—O14 | 1.316 (4) | C22—N23 | 1.341 (4) |
| O8—H8 | 0.81 (5) | N23—H23 | 0.82 (5) |
| S9—O10 | 1.446 (3) | N24—O26 | 1.226 (4) |
| S9—O11 | 1.450 (3) | N24—O27 | 1.233 (4) |
| S9—O12 | 1.467 (3) | N25—H25A | 0.89 (5) |
| O14—H144 | 0.87 (5) | N25—H25B | 0.90 (5) |
| C15—C16 | 1.382 (5) | ||
| C6—C1—C2 | 119.0 (3) | C16—C15—H15 | 120.1 |
| C6—C1—C7 | 120.5 (3) | C20—C15—H15 | 120.1 |
| C2—C1—C7 | 120.4 (3) | C15—C16—C17 | 123.5 (3) |
| O8—C2—C3 | 117.9 (3) | C15—C16—N24 | 118.2 (3) |
| O8—C2—C1 | 122.0 (3) | C17—C16—N24 | 118.3 (3) |
| C3—C2—C1 | 120.0 (3) | C18—C17—C16 | 116.5 (3) |
| C4—C3—C2 | 119.8 (3) | C18—C17—H17 | 121.8 |
| C4—C3—H3 | 120.1 | C16—C17—H17 | 121.8 |
| C2—C3—H3 | 120.1 | C17—C18—C19 | 120.7 (3) |
| C3—C4—C5 | 120.7 (3) | C17—C18—S21 | 127.9 (3) |
| C3—C4—H4 | 119.6 | C19—C18—S21 | 111.3 (3) |
| C5—C4—H4 | 119.6 | N23—C19—C20 | 127.4 (3) |
| C6—C5—C4 | 119.8 (3) | N23—C19—C18 | 111.1 (3) |
| C6—C5—S9 | 119.8 (3) | C20—C19—C18 | 121.4 (3) |
| C4—C5—S9 | 120.4 (2) | C15—C20—C19 | 118.1 (3) |
| C5—C6—C1 | 120.5 (3) | C15—C20—H20 | 120.9 |
| C5—C6—H6 | 119.7 | C19—C20—H20 | 120.9 |
| C1—C6—H6 | 119.7 | C22—S21—C18 | 90.16 (16) |
| O13—C7—O14 | 123.7 (3) | N25—C22—N23 | 124.3 (3) |
| O13—C7—C1 | 123.1 (3) | N25—C22—S21 | 123.5 (3) |
| O14—C7—C1 | 113.1 (3) | N23—C22—S21 | 112.2 (3) |
| C2—O8—H8 | 111 (4) | C22—N23—C19 | 115.1 (3) |
| O10—S9—O11 | 113.18 (17) | C22—N23—H23 | 118 (3) |
| O10—S9—O12 | 111.24 (16) | C19—N23—H23 | 127 (3) |
| O11—S9—O12 | 111.68 (16) | O26—N24—O27 | 123.4 (3) |
| O10—S9—C5 | 108.34 (16) | O26—N24—C16 | 118.4 (3) |
| O11—S9—C5 | 106.91 (15) | O27—N24—C16 | 118.1 (3) |
| O12—S9—C5 | 105.01 (15) | C22—N25—H25A | 118 (3) |
| C7—O14—H144 | 112 (3) | C22—N25—H25B | 116 (3) |
| C16—C15—C20 | 119.8 (3) | H25A—N25—H25B | 125 (4) |
| C6—C1—C2—O8 | −178.3 (3) | C20—C15—C16—N24 | 178.6 (3) |
| C7—C1—C2—O8 | 4.6 (5) | C15—C16—C17—C18 | −0.3 (5) |
| C6—C1—C2—C3 | 2.3 (5) | N24—C16—C17—C18 | 180.0 (3) |
| C7—C1—C2—C3 | −174.9 (3) | C16—C17—C18—C19 | 1.4 (5) |
| O8—C2—C3—C4 | −179.0 (3) | C16—C17—C18—S21 | 179.1 (3) |
| C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.5 (5) | C17—C18—C19—N23 | 176.1 (3) |
| C2—C3—C4—C5 | −2.3 (5) | S21—C18—C19—N23 | −1.9 (3) |
| C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.2 (5) | C17—C18—C19—C20 | −1.2 (5) |
| C3—C4—C5—S9 | −179.4 (3) | S21—C18—C19—C20 | −179.2 (3) |
| C4—C5—C6—C1 | 1.6 (5) | C16—C15—C20—C19 | 1.4 (5) |
| S9—C5—C6—C1 | −177.8 (2) | N23—C19—C20—C15 | −177.1 (3) |
| C2—C1—C6—C5 | −3.3 (5) | C18—C19—C20—C15 | −0.3 (5) |
| C7—C1—C6—C5 | 173.9 (3) | C17—C18—S21—C22 | −174.8 (3) |
| C6—C1—C7—O13 | 178.8 (3) | C19—C18—S21—C22 | 3.1 (3) |
| C2—C1—C7—O13 | −4.1 (5) | C18—S21—C22—N25 | 177.7 (3) |
| C6—C1—C7—O14 | −3.0 (4) | C18—S21—C22—N23 | −3.6 (3) |
| C2—C1—C7—O14 | 174.2 (3) | N25—C22—N23—C19 | −178.1 (3) |
| C6—C5—S9—O10 | −99.3 (3) | S21—C22—N23—C19 | 3.3 (4) |
| C4—C5—S9—O10 | 81.3 (3) | C20—C19—N23—C22 | 176.2 (3) |
| C6—C5—S9—O11 | 23.0 (3) | C18—C19—N23—C22 | −0.9 (4) |
| C4—C5—S9—O11 | −156.4 (3) | C15—C16—N24—O26 | −176.6 (3) |
| C6—C5—S9—O12 | 141.7 (3) | C17—C16—N24—O26 | 3.1 (4) |
| C4—C5—S9—O12 | −37.6 (3) | C15—C16—N24—O27 | 3.3 (4) |
| C20—C15—C16—C17 | −1.1 (5) | C17—C16—N24—O27 | −177.0 (3) |
| D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
| O8—H8···O13 | 0.81 (5) | 1.94 (5) | 2.631 (4) | 143 (5) |
| O14—H144···O12i | 0.87 (5) | 1.70 (5) | 2.564 (3) | 168 (5) |
| N23—H23···O11 | 0.82 (5) | 1.95 (5) | 2.682 (4) | 150 (4) |
| N25—H25A···O11 | 0.89 (5) | 2.20 (5) | 2.920 (4) | 138 (4) |
| N25—H25A···O13ii | 0.89 (5) | 2.42 (5) | 2.964 (4) | 119 (4) |
| N25—H25B···O10iii | 0.90 (5) | 2.19 (5) | 2.967 (4) | 144 (4) |
| N25—H25B···O26iv | 0.90 (5) | 2.51 (5) | 3.177 (4) | 132 (4) |
| C3—H3···S21v | 0.95 | 2.85 | 3.670 (4) | 145 |
| C6—H6···O8vi | 0.95 | 2.60 | 3.446 (4) | 149 |
| C20—H20···O14 | 0.95 | 2.50 | 3.413 (4) | 160 |
| Symmetry codes: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) x+1/2, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (iii) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (iv) x+1/2, −y+3/2, z+1/2; (v) x, y−1, z; (vi) −x+3/2, y+1/2, −z+1/2. |
References
Djossu, F. K. D., Tsemeugne, J., Mbarga, P. E., Tamokou, J. D. D., Matsuete, T. G., Tsamo, T. A., Sielinou, T. V., Mmutlane, E. M., Mkounga, P., Schollmeyer, D., Sopbué, F. E. & Nkengfack Augustin, A. E. (2025). Fut. Med. Chem. (submitted March 2025). Google Scholar
Djuidje, E. N., Barbari, R., Baldisserotto, A., Durini, E., Sciabica, S., Balzarini, J., Liekens, S., Vertuani, S. & Manfredini, S. (2022). Antioxidants 11, 407. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar
Ekinci, D., Şentürk, M., Küfrevioğlu, Ö. İ. & Öİ, (2011). Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 21, 1831–1841. Google Scholar
Giannella, M., Gualtieri, F. & Melchiorre, C. (1971). Phytochemistry 10, 539–544. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Gupta, D., Bhatia, D., Dave, V., Sutariya, V. & Varghese Gupta, S. (2018). Molecules 23, 1719. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar
Pavle, R., Slavimir, V., Nenad, S., Dušan, S., Ivan, I., Darko, L., Dušica, R. & Nebojša, R. (2015). Acta Fac. Med. Naissensis 32, 259-265. Google Scholar
Sekhon, B. S. (2011). Asian J. Pharm. Biol. Res. 01, 395–411. CAS Google Scholar
Shaveta, , Mishra, S. & Singh, P. (2016). Eur. J. Med. Chem. 124, 500–536. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Singh, A. K., Kumar, A., Singh, H., Sonawane, P., Paliwal, H., Thareja, S., Pathak, P., Grishina, M., Jaremko, M., Emwas, A.-H., et al. (2022). Pharmaceuticals 15, 1071. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar
Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Stoe & Cie (2020). X-RED and X-AREA. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany. Google Scholar
Yadav, K. P., Rahman, M. A., Nishad, S., Maurya, S. K., Anas, M. & Mujahid, M. (2023). Intelligent Pharmacy 01, 122–132. CrossRef Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.

journal menu
access



