organic compounds
(Z)-Benzyl 2-(5-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate
aFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, bEaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom, cOrganic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, dCentre for Bio-aromatic Research, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, and eDepartment of Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
*Correspondence e-mail: abdfatah@uitm.edu.my
The title compound, C17H15N3OS2 was obtained from the condensation reaction of S-benzyldithiocarbazate and 5-methylisatin. In the solid-state, the molecule adopts a Z configuration with the 5-methylisatin and dithiocarbazate groups located on the same side of the C=N bond, involving an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond.
CCDC reference: 2293455
Structure description
Dithiocarbazate-based e.g., Manan & Cordes, 2022). In addition, the applications of these compounds have evolved in research areas such as semiconductor devices (Irfan et al., 2020) and the photocatalytic production of hydrogen (Wise et al., 2015). In a continuation of our previous work on isatin-based derived from dithiocarbazate compounds (Manan et al., 2011), the title compound was synthesized and its is reported herein.
and some of their metal complexes possess diverse biological applications (The title compound, C17H15N3OS2 crystallizes in the triclinic P with one molecule in The structure is present as the thioamide tautomer and in the Z isomeric form (Fig. 1) as a consequence of the formation of an intramolecular N3—H3⋯O1 hydrogen bond (Table 1). The C10=S10 and C10—S11 lengths of 1.6544 (16) and 1.7449 (16) Å, respectively, are comparable to those reported for S-benzyl 3–2(bromobenzylidene)dithiocarbazate (Qiu & Luo, 2007), benzyl 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)dithiocarbazate (Islam et al., 2016) and benzyl 3-(10-oxo-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-ylidene)dithiocarbazate (Liu et al., 2009). The observed C—S bond lengths are both intermediate between reference values of 1.82 Å for a C—S single bond and 1.56 Å for a C=S double bond (Tarafder et al., 2002), indicative of conjugation effects through the π-system. As a result of the delocalization of electrons in the 5-methylisatin ring, the N2—N3 bond distance of 1.3509 (19) Å is slightly shorter than the corresponding bond in the unsubstituted precursor compound (Shanmuga Sundara Raj et al., 2000).
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The central CN2S2 residue in the title compound is close to planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.052 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 9.34 (3) and 72.80 (5)° with the substituted benzyl and 5-methylisatin rings, respectively, indicating a highly twisted molecule; the dihedral angle between the rings is 70.87 (5)°. The N2—N3—C10—S10 fragment adopts an anti conformation with a torsion angle of 174.23 (11)°, while the N2—N3—C10—S11 fragment is syn with a torsion angle of −6.67 (19)°. This conformation is similar to those of three closely related compounds benzyl 2-(5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate, benzyl 2-(5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate and benzyl 2-(5-bromo-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate (Manan et al., 2011).
In the crystal, the title compound forms inversion dimers joined by pairs of N9—H9⋯O1 hydrogen bonds (Fig. 2, Table 1) in the common R22(8) motif (Bernstein et al., 1995). The dimers then pack into sheets propagating in the (001) plane through carbonyl-to-π [O⋯centroid distance = 3.418 (2) Å] and C—H⋯π [H⋯centroid distance = 3.142 (1) Å, C⋯centroid distance = 3.846 (2) Å] interactions. Equivalent dimers are observed in the 5-bromo and 5-chloro compounds mentioned above, as well as in 2-(5-nitro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate (Pereira et al., 2021) and the parent compound 2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate (Ali et al., 2011). The acetonitrile solvate of the parent compound (Ali et al., 2011) does not form dimers and instead forms discrete N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to the solvate. Unlike the majority of related compounds, the 5-fluoro compound (Manan et al., 2011) does not form dimers and instead packs through strong imine to π interactions (centroid⋯centroid separation = 3.213 Å), with weaker N—H⋯S=C hydrogen bonds involving the amide site.
Synthesis and crystallization
The dithiocarbazate precursor, SBDTC was prepared by a literature method (Ali & Tarafder, 1977). The title compound was prepared by adding 5-methylisatin (1.61 g, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) dissolved in hot ethanol (10 ml), to a solution of the precursor, SBDTC (1.98 g, 10.0 mmol, 1.0 e.q) in hot ethanol (35 ml). The mixture was heated (80°C) with continuous stirring for 15 min and later allowed to stand for about 20 min at room temperature until a precipitate was formed, which was then filtered and dried over silica gel, yielding orange crystals on recrystallization from ethanol solution (yield: 2.73 g, 80%). m.p. 216–217°C; 1H (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ: (p.p.m): 2.26 (3H, s), 4.52 (2H, s), 6.82–7.45 (8H, m), 11.26 (1H, s), 13.94 (1H, s); GCMS: [M]+ at m/z 341.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure .
details are summarized in Table 2Structural data
CCDC reference: 2293455
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314623007824/hb4449sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314623007824/hb4449Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314623007824/hb4449Isup3.mol
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314623007824/hb4449Isup4.cml
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO 1.171.42.94a (Rigaku OD, 2023); cell
CrysAlis PRO 1.171.42.94a (Rigaku OD, 2023); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO 1.171.42.94a (Rigaku OD, 2023); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT2018/2 (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: Olex2 1.5 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).C17H15N3OS2 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 341.44 | F(000) = 356 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.378 Mg m−3 |
a = 6.5733 (2) Å | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å |
b = 8.0601 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 8603 reflections |
c = 15.8280 (4) Å | θ = 2.8–66.0° |
α = 95.442 (2)° | µ = 2.99 mm−1 |
β = 99.527 (2)° | T = 173 K |
γ = 90.360 (2)° | Plate, yellow |
V = 823.09 (4) Å3 | 0.12 × 0.09 × 0.02 mm |
Rigaku XtaLAB P100K diffractometer | 2876 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Rotating Anode, Rigaku MM-007HF | 2623 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Rigaku Osmic Confocal Optical System monochromator | Rint = 0.034 |
Detector resolution: 5.8140 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 66.5°, θmin = 2.8° |
shutterless scans | h = −7→7 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2023) | k = −9→9 |
Tmin = 0.748, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −18→18 |
14207 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: dual |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0626P)2 + 0.1676P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.07 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2876 reflections | Δρmax = 0.38 e Å−3 |
217 parameters | Δρmin = −0.17 e Å−3 |
2 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Carbon-bound H atoms were included in calculated positions (C—H distances are 0.98 Å for methyl H atoms, 0.99 Å for methylene H atoms 0.95 Å for phenyl H atoms) and refined as riding atoms with Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(parent atom, methylene and phenyl H atoms) or Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(parent atom, methyl H atoms). Nitrogen-bound hydrogen atoms were located from the difference Fourier map and refined isotropically subject to a distance restraint. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S11 | 0.21331 (6) | 0.33788 (5) | 0.21855 (2) | 0.03493 (14) | |
S10 | 0.58661 (6) | 0.23720 (6) | 0.13457 (3) | 0.04020 (15) | |
O1 | 0.86838 (18) | 0.08666 (16) | 0.40267 (8) | 0.0398 (3) | |
N3 | 0.5546 (2) | 0.22521 (17) | 0.29604 (9) | 0.0341 (3) | |
N2 | 0.4614 (2) | 0.26067 (17) | 0.36534 (9) | 0.0326 (3) | |
N9 | 0.7901 (2) | 0.11126 (18) | 0.54096 (9) | 0.0358 (3) | |
C12 | 0.1188 (3) | 0.5709 (2) | 0.10260 (10) | 0.0337 (3) | |
C1 | 0.7576 (2) | 0.1314 (2) | 0.45642 (11) | 0.0335 (3) | |
C2 | 0.5567 (2) | 0.22039 (19) | 0.43850 (10) | 0.0325 (3) | |
C10 | 0.4621 (2) | 0.26451 (19) | 0.21733 (10) | 0.0319 (3) | |
C8 | 0.6299 (2) | 0.1807 (2) | 0.58149 (11) | 0.0340 (3) | |
C3 | 0.4846 (2) | 0.24993 (19) | 0.52025 (10) | 0.0324 (3) | |
C5 | 0.2894 (3) | 0.3413 (2) | 0.63055 (11) | 0.0378 (4) | |
C11 | 0.1296 (3) | 0.3858 (2) | 0.10785 (10) | 0.0359 (4) | |
H11A | 0.227507 | 0.338283 | 0.071281 | 0.043* | |
H11B | −0.007988 | 0.333708 | 0.085640 | 0.043* | |
C4 | 0.3146 (3) | 0.3301 (2) | 0.54485 (11) | 0.0365 (4) | |
H4 | 0.216108 | 0.376892 | 0.503346 | 0.044* | |
C7 | 0.6075 (3) | 0.1888 (2) | 0.66702 (11) | 0.0394 (4) | |
H7 | 0.705150 | 0.140761 | 0.708391 | 0.047* | |
C6 | 0.4357 (3) | 0.2702 (2) | 0.69000 (11) | 0.0415 (4) | |
H6 | 0.417242 | 0.277589 | 0.748510 | 0.050* | |
C17 | −0.0561 (3) | 0.6540 (2) | 0.11867 (12) | 0.0452 (4) | |
H17 | −0.169973 | 0.593731 | 0.131545 | 0.054* | |
C13 | 0.2833 (3) | 0.6589 (3) | 0.08239 (12) | 0.0478 (5) | |
H13 | 0.403301 | 0.602050 | 0.070803 | 0.057* | |
C9 | 0.1083 (3) | 0.4309 (3) | 0.65976 (12) | 0.0474 (4) | |
H9A | 0.023698 | 0.475703 | 0.610469 | 0.071* | |
H9B | 0.158867 | 0.522536 | 0.703588 | 0.071* | |
H9C | 0.024801 | 0.352666 | 0.684170 | 0.071* | |
C16 | −0.0654 (5) | 0.8257 (3) | 0.11601 (14) | 0.0685 (7) | |
H16 | −0.184886 | 0.883158 | 0.127739 | 0.082* | |
C14 | 0.2728 (5) | 0.8293 (3) | 0.07910 (14) | 0.0690 (8) | |
H14 | 0.385349 | 0.889230 | 0.064934 | 0.083* | |
C15 | 0.1000 (6) | 0.9125 (3) | 0.09623 (15) | 0.0803 (10) | |
H15 | 0.094106 | 1.029931 | 0.094482 | 0.096* | |
H3 | 0.680 (3) | 0.177 (3) | 0.3057 (14) | 0.052 (6)* | |
H9 | 0.901 (3) | 0.053 (3) | 0.5684 (14) | 0.057 (6)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S11 | 0.0346 (2) | 0.0399 (2) | 0.0312 (2) | 0.01365 (17) | 0.00499 (16) | 0.00834 (16) |
S10 | 0.0370 (2) | 0.0487 (3) | 0.0375 (2) | 0.00624 (18) | 0.01188 (17) | 0.00715 (18) |
O1 | 0.0344 (6) | 0.0487 (7) | 0.0373 (6) | 0.0126 (5) | 0.0052 (5) | 0.0097 (5) |
N3 | 0.0297 (7) | 0.0389 (7) | 0.0345 (7) | 0.0087 (6) | 0.0044 (6) | 0.0085 (6) |
N2 | 0.0320 (7) | 0.0332 (7) | 0.0325 (7) | 0.0056 (5) | 0.0030 (5) | 0.0060 (5) |
N9 | 0.0306 (7) | 0.0424 (8) | 0.0334 (7) | 0.0086 (6) | 0.0001 (5) | 0.0081 (6) |
C12 | 0.0413 (9) | 0.0329 (8) | 0.0249 (7) | 0.0039 (7) | −0.0017 (6) | 0.0050 (6) |
C1 | 0.0294 (8) | 0.0337 (8) | 0.0365 (8) | 0.0042 (6) | 0.0015 (6) | 0.0063 (6) |
C2 | 0.0300 (8) | 0.0310 (8) | 0.0360 (8) | 0.0046 (6) | 0.0021 (6) | 0.0067 (6) |
C10 | 0.0320 (8) | 0.0278 (7) | 0.0353 (8) | 0.0019 (6) | 0.0031 (6) | 0.0046 (6) |
C8 | 0.0306 (8) | 0.0349 (8) | 0.0351 (8) | 0.0018 (6) | 0.0005 (6) | 0.0054 (6) |
C3 | 0.0313 (8) | 0.0317 (8) | 0.0332 (8) | 0.0019 (6) | 0.0010 (6) | 0.0055 (6) |
C5 | 0.0335 (8) | 0.0406 (9) | 0.0386 (9) | −0.0002 (7) | 0.0056 (7) | 0.0010 (7) |
C11 | 0.0403 (9) | 0.0351 (8) | 0.0303 (8) | 0.0067 (7) | −0.0016 (6) | 0.0055 (6) |
C4 | 0.0338 (8) | 0.0364 (9) | 0.0383 (9) | 0.0051 (7) | 0.0021 (7) | 0.0054 (7) |
C7 | 0.0355 (9) | 0.0483 (10) | 0.0332 (8) | 0.0024 (7) | −0.0010 (7) | 0.0089 (7) |
C6 | 0.0396 (9) | 0.0511 (10) | 0.0333 (9) | −0.0013 (8) | 0.0056 (7) | 0.0019 (7) |
C17 | 0.0529 (11) | 0.0452 (10) | 0.0376 (9) | 0.0157 (8) | 0.0049 (8) | 0.0083 (7) |
C13 | 0.0509 (10) | 0.0534 (11) | 0.0367 (9) | −0.0098 (9) | −0.0009 (8) | 0.0076 (8) |
C9 | 0.0419 (10) | 0.0576 (11) | 0.0428 (10) | 0.0067 (8) | 0.0102 (8) | −0.0013 (8) |
C16 | 0.105 (2) | 0.0485 (12) | 0.0467 (12) | 0.0390 (13) | −0.0009 (12) | 0.0012 (9) |
C14 | 0.104 (2) | 0.0527 (13) | 0.0441 (12) | −0.0332 (14) | −0.0100 (12) | 0.0135 (10) |
C15 | 0.155 (3) | 0.0294 (10) | 0.0451 (12) | −0.0012 (15) | −0.0179 (15) | 0.0056 (9) |
S11—C10 | 1.7449 (16) | C5—C6 | 1.396 (3) |
S11—C11 | 1.8260 (16) | C5—C9 | 1.510 (3) |
S10—C10 | 1.6544 (16) | C11—H11A | 0.9900 |
O1—C1 | 1.239 (2) | C11—H11B | 0.9900 |
N3—N2 | 1.3509 (19) | C4—H4 | 0.9500 |
N3—C10 | 1.360 (2) | C7—H7 | 0.9500 |
N3—H3 | 0.912 (16) | C7—C6 | 1.392 (3) |
N2—C2 | 1.293 (2) | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
N9—C1 | 1.345 (2) | C17—H17 | 0.9500 |
N9—C8 | 1.413 (2) | C17—C16 | 1.390 (3) |
N9—H9 | 0.938 (16) | C13—H13 | 0.9500 |
C12—C11 | 1.503 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.381 (3) |
C12—C17 | 1.381 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9800 |
C12—C13 | 1.387 (2) | C9—H9B | 0.9800 |
C1—C2 | 1.505 (2) | C9—H9C | 0.9800 |
C2—C3 | 1.449 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.9500 |
C8—C3 | 1.402 (2) | C16—C15 | 1.384 (4) |
C8—C7 | 1.381 (2) | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
C3—C4 | 1.387 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.375 (4) |
C5—C4 | 1.388 (2) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
C10—S11—C11 | 103.16 (8) | C12—C11—H11B | 109.4 |
N2—N3—C10 | 119.92 (14) | H11A—C11—H11B | 108.0 |
N2—N3—H3 | 116.6 (14) | C3—C4—C5 | 119.52 (16) |
C10—N3—H3 | 123.4 (14) | C3—C4—H4 | 120.2 |
C2—N2—N3 | 117.17 (14) | C5—C4—H4 | 120.2 |
C1—N9—C8 | 111.27 (14) | C8—C7—H7 | 121.4 |
C1—N9—H9 | 123.9 (15) | C8—C7—C6 | 117.16 (16) |
C8—N9—H9 | 124.7 (15) | C6—C7—H7 | 121.4 |
C17—C12—C11 | 119.66 (16) | C5—C6—H6 | 118.7 |
C17—C12—C13 | 119.77 (17) | C7—C6—C5 | 122.66 (16) |
C13—C12—C11 | 120.57 (16) | C7—C6—H6 | 118.7 |
O1—C1—N9 | 127.80 (15) | C12—C17—H17 | 120.0 |
O1—C1—C2 | 125.75 (15) | C12—C17—C16 | 120.0 (2) |
N9—C1—C2 | 106.46 (14) | C16—C17—H17 | 120.0 |
N2—C2—C1 | 128.01 (15) | C12—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
N2—C2—C3 | 125.68 (15) | C14—C13—C12 | 120.0 (2) |
C3—C2—C1 | 106.30 (13) | C14—C13—H13 | 120.0 |
S10—C10—S11 | 128.14 (10) | C5—C9—H9A | 109.5 |
N3—C10—S11 | 112.22 (12) | C5—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
N3—C10—S10 | 119.64 (13) | C5—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C3—C8—N9 | 109.25 (14) | H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 |
C7—C8—N9 | 129.31 (15) | H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—C3 | 121.43 (16) | H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 |
C8—C3—C2 | 106.70 (14) | C17—C16—H16 | 120.1 |
C4—C3—C2 | 133.05 (15) | C15—C16—C17 | 119.8 (2) |
C4—C3—C8 | 120.24 (16) | C15—C16—H16 | 120.1 |
C4—C5—C6 | 118.99 (16) | C13—C14—H14 | 119.9 |
C4—C5—C9 | 120.83 (16) | C15—C14—C13 | 120.3 (2) |
C6—C5—C9 | 120.18 (16) | C15—C14—H14 | 119.9 |
S11—C11—H11A | 109.4 | C16—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
S11—C11—H11B | 109.4 | C14—C15—C16 | 120.1 (2) |
C12—C11—S11 | 111.12 (11) | C14—C15—H15 | 119.9 |
C12—C11—H11A | 109.4 | ||
O1—C1—C2—N2 | 2.5 (3) | C8—N9—C1—O1 | 179.33 (16) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −178.95 (16) | C8—N9—C1—C2 | −0.72 (18) |
N3—N2—C2—C1 | −2.7 (2) | C8—C3—C4—C5 | 0.0 (2) |
N3—N2—C2—C3 | 178.99 (14) | C8—C7—C6—C5 | 0.2 (3) |
N2—N3—C10—S11 | −6.67 (19) | C3—C8—C7—C6 | −0.7 (3) |
N2—N3—C10—S10 | 174.23 (11) | C11—S11—C10—S10 | −2.51 (13) |
N2—C2—C3—C8 | 177.57 (15) | C11—S11—C10—N3 | 178.48 (11) |
N2—C2—C3—C4 | −3.7 (3) | C11—C12—C17—C16 | 178.43 (17) |
N9—C1—C2—N2 | −177.48 (15) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −178.98 (16) |
N9—C1—C2—C3 | 1.09 (17) | C4—C5—C6—C7 | 0.4 (3) |
N9—C8—C3—C2 | 0.65 (18) | C7—C8—C3—C2 | 179.54 (15) |
N9—C8—C3—C4 | −178.28 (14) | C7—C8—C3—C4 | 0.6 (2) |
N9—C8—C7—C6 | 177.93 (16) | C6—C5—C4—C3 | −0.5 (3) |
C12—C17—C16—C15 | 0.8 (3) | C17—C12—C11—S11 | −84.17 (17) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.3 (3) | C17—C12—C13—C14 | 0.5 (3) |
C1—N9—C8—C3 | 0.07 (19) | C17—C16—C15—C14 | 0.1 (3) |
C1—N9—C8—C7 | −178.72 (17) | C13—C12—C11—S11 | 95.35 (16) |
C1—C2—C3—C8 | −1.05 (17) | C13—C12—C17—C16 | −1.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 177.68 (17) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | −0.7 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −178.56 (16) | C9—C5—C4—C3 | 178.71 (16) |
C10—S11—C11—C12 | −109.04 (13) | C9—C5—C6—C7 | −178.83 (16) |
C10—N3—N2—C2 | 179.99 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N3—H3···O1 | 0.91 (2) | 2.00 (2) | 2.7539 (17) | 139 (2) |
N9—H9···O1i | 0.94 (2) | 1.91 (2) | 2.8341 (18) | 166 (2) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The a uthors acknowledge the Universiti Teknologi MARA for funding under the UMP-IIUM-UiTM Sustainable Research Collaboration Grant [600–RMC/SRC/5/3(043/2020)].
Funding information
Funding for this research was provided by: Universiti Teknologi MARA (grant No. 600–RMC/SRC/5/3(043/2020)).
References
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