organic compounds
6,6′-[(3,3′-Di-tert-butyl-5,5′-dimethoxy-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diyl)bis(oxy)]bis(dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine) benzene monosolvate
aLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, bEvonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Str. 1, 45772 Marl, Germany, and cLehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: christoph.kubis@catalysis.de, robert.franke@evonik.com
The 46H44O8P2·C6H6, is reported for the first time. Single crystals of BIPHEPHOS were obtained from a benzene solution after layering with n-heptane at room temperature. One specific property of this type of diphosphite structure is the twisting of the biphenyl units. In the crystal, C—H⋯π contacts and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.8941 (15) Å] are observed.
of the benzene monosolvate of the well known organic diphosphite ligand BIPHEPHOS, CKeywords: crystal structure; diphosphite; BIPHEPHOS; biphenyl unit.
CCDC reference: 1970077
Structure description
BIPHEPHOS is a very prominent organic diphosphite ligand applied as co-catalyst in the field of highly n-regioselective rhodium-catalysed alkene hydroformylation (Börner & Franke, 2016). Atropisomerism of the dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine moiety in related diphosphites has been studied in solution and by DFT methods (Whiteker et al., 1995, Briggs & Whiteker, 2001, Franke et al., 2003). Interestingly, until now no of BIPHEPHOS has been reported. Crystal structures have been published for similar diphosphites containing the same dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine unit but with the unsubstituted 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl and the 2,2′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetra(t-butyl)biphenyl backbone (Baker et al., 1991; Meyer et al., 1993; Hao et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2014). The common feature of these types of ligands is the twisting about the biphenyl linkages. For the title compound (Fig. 1), the dihedral angle about the biphenyl axis of the backbone between the C1–C6 and C7–C12 planes is 61.79 (10)°. Within the seven-membered rings, the dihedral angles about the biphenyl units are 43.83 (11)° for C2–C28/C29–C34 and 41.78 (11)° for C35–C40/C41–C46.
Crystals of the title compound contain co-crystallized solvent (one benzene per one molecule diphosphite), which interacts with the ligand via C—H⋯π interactions (Table 1). In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related molecules are linked by a π–π stacking interaction involving the C23–C28 rings with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.8941 (15) Å.
Synthesis and crystallization
The diphosphite was provided by Evonik Performance Materials GmbH (OxoPhos® 17). A solution of C46H44O8P2 (0.08 mmol, 0.063 g) in benzene (2 ml) was prepared under argon using standard Schlenk techniques. The solution was brought to 50°C for dissolving the solid material. At room temperature the solution was then layered with ca 0.4 ml of n-heptane. Crystallization as fine needles took place at room temperature after several days.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure .
details are summarized in Table 2Structural data
CCDC reference: 1970077
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314619016365/rz4035sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314619016365/rz4035Isup2.hkl
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2014); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2013); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2013); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014/7 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).C46H44O8P2·C6H6 | F(000) = 1824 |
Mr = 864.86 | Dx = 1.309 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å |
a = 25.1072 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 4431 reflections |
b = 8.8634 (2) Å | θ = 3.8–66.5° |
c = 21.3401 (4) Å | µ = 1.36 mm−1 |
β = 112.4441 (12)° | T = 150 K |
V = 4389.20 (16) Å3 | Needle, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.34 × 0.04 × 0.04 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 7745 independent reflections |
Radiation source: microfocus | 5805 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Multilayer monochromator | Rint = 0.067 |
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 66.7°, θmin = 1.9° |
φ and ω scans | h = −29→29 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2014) | k = −10→9 |
Tmin = 0.80, Tmax = 0.95 | l = −25→25 |
41898 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.040 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0532P)2 + 0.4402P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.01 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
7745 reflections | Δρmax = 0.25 e Å−3 |
567 parameters | Δρmin = −0.34 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. All H atoms were placed geometrically and refined using a riding atom approximation, with C–H = 0.95–0.98 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) or 1.5Ueq(C) for methyl H atoms. A rotating model was used for the methyl groups. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.21470 (8) | 0.4417 (2) | 0.51667 (10) | 0.0260 (4) | |
C2 | 0.15970 (9) | 0.3898 (3) | 0.47514 (10) | 0.0296 (4) | |
C3 | 0.11333 (9) | 0.4728 (3) | 0.47748 (10) | 0.0318 (4) | |
H3 | 0.0754 | 0.4417 | 0.4499 | 0.038* | |
C4 | 0.12035 (9) | 0.5992 (3) | 0.51846 (10) | 0.0318 (4) | |
C5 | 0.17481 (9) | 0.6423 (2) | 0.56151 (10) | 0.0290 (4) | |
H5 | 0.1798 | 0.7261 | 0.5909 | 0.035* | |
C6 | 0.22288 (8) | 0.5612 (2) | 0.56154 (9) | 0.0260 (4) | |
C7 | 0.28090 (8) | 0.6109 (2) | 0.61018 (9) | 0.0257 (4) | |
C8 | 0.29895 (9) | 0.7562 (2) | 0.60285 (9) | 0.0275 (4) | |
H8 | 0.2752 | 0.8192 | 0.5671 | 0.033* | |
C9 | 0.35139 (9) | 0.8083 (2) | 0.64762 (10) | 0.0271 (4) | |
C10 | 0.38784 (8) | 0.7113 (2) | 0.69685 (10) | 0.0274 (4) | |
H10 | 0.4253 | 0.7457 | 0.7246 | 0.033* | |
C11 | 0.37152 (8) | 0.5665 (2) | 0.70686 (9) | 0.0255 (4) | |
C12 | 0.31566 (8) | 0.5203 (2) | 0.66410 (9) | 0.0248 (4) | |
C13 | 0.14907 (9) | 0.2501 (3) | 0.42951 (11) | 0.0357 (5) | |
C14 | 0.18159 (10) | 0.1141 (3) | 0.47133 (12) | 0.0382 (5) | |
H14A | 0.2231 | 0.1340 | 0.4890 | 0.057* | |
H14B | 0.1731 | 0.0241 | 0.4425 | 0.057* | |
H14C | 0.1693 | 0.0974 | 0.5092 | 0.057* | |
C15 | 0.16772 (11) | 0.2851 (3) | 0.37019 (11) | 0.0430 (6) | |
H15A | 0.1452 | 0.3702 | 0.3440 | 0.065* | |
H15B | 0.1611 | 0.1962 | 0.3408 | 0.065* | |
H15C | 0.2088 | 0.3110 | 0.3880 | 0.065* | |
C16 | 0.08521 (11) | 0.2061 (3) | 0.39926 (15) | 0.0552 (7) | |
H16A | 0.0713 | 0.1908 | 0.4359 | 0.083* | |
H16B | 0.0806 | 0.1125 | 0.3732 | 0.083* | |
H16C | 0.0630 | 0.2868 | 0.3693 | 0.083* | |
C17 | 0.07469 (11) | 0.7922 (3) | 0.55768 (15) | 0.0536 (7) | |
H17A | 0.0915 | 0.7573 | 0.6048 | 0.080* | |
H17B | 0.0364 | 0.8344 | 0.5484 | 0.080* | |
H17C | 0.0995 | 0.8700 | 0.5504 | 0.080* | |
C18 | 0.33003 (10) | 1.0591 (2) | 0.60870 (11) | 0.0333 (5) | |
H18A | 0.3148 | 1.0291 | 0.5609 | 0.050* | |
H18B | 0.3483 | 1.1585 | 0.6135 | 0.050* | |
H18C | 0.2985 | 1.0639 | 0.6250 | 0.050* | |
C19 | 0.41356 (8) | 0.4679 (2) | 0.76405 (10) | 0.0278 (4) | |
C20 | 0.39320 (9) | 0.4608 (3) | 0.82366 (10) | 0.0317 (4) | |
H20A | 0.3545 | 0.4168 | 0.8080 | 0.048* | |
H20B | 0.3923 | 0.5629 | 0.8409 | 0.048* | |
H20C | 0.4199 | 0.3982 | 0.8599 | 0.048* | |
C21 | 0.47487 (9) | 0.5340 (3) | 0.79171 (11) | 0.0360 (5) | |
H21A | 0.5011 | 0.4640 | 0.8247 | 0.054* | |
H21B | 0.4748 | 0.6310 | 0.8138 | 0.054* | |
H21C | 0.4878 | 0.5492 | 0.7542 | 0.054* | |
C22 | 0.41810 (9) | 0.3085 (3) | 0.73876 (10) | 0.0317 (4) | |
H22A | 0.4303 | 0.3145 | 0.7003 | 0.048* | |
H22B | 0.3805 | 0.2587 | 0.7244 | 0.048* | |
H22C | 0.4465 | 0.2503 | 0.7754 | 0.048* | |
C23 | 0.42077 (9) | 0.4076 (3) | 0.56208 (10) | 0.0300 (4) | |
C24 | 0.45812 (9) | 0.5236 (3) | 0.59366 (10) | 0.0343 (5) | |
H24 | 0.4453 | 0.6070 | 0.6121 | 0.041* | |
C25 | 0.51494 (10) | 0.5166 (3) | 0.59814 (11) | 0.0397 (5) | |
H25 | 0.5411 | 0.5958 | 0.6194 | 0.048* | |
C26 | 0.53311 (9) | 0.3941 (3) | 0.57156 (11) | 0.0408 (6) | |
H26 | 0.5718 | 0.3895 | 0.5746 | 0.049* | |
C27 | 0.49539 (9) | 0.2779 (3) | 0.54057 (11) | 0.0368 (5) | |
H27 | 0.5086 | 0.1939 | 0.5229 | 0.044* | |
C28 | 0.43789 (9) | 0.2825 (3) | 0.53483 (10) | 0.0310 (4) | |
C29 | 0.39772 (9) | 0.1581 (3) | 0.50225 (10) | 0.0309 (4) | |
C30 | 0.41526 (10) | 0.0076 (3) | 0.51498 (11) | 0.0352 (5) | |
H30 | 0.4534 | −0.0142 | 0.5456 | 0.042* | |
C31 | 0.37855 (10) | −0.1101 (3) | 0.48411 (11) | 0.0385 (5) | |
H31 | 0.3912 | −0.2114 | 0.4946 | 0.046* | |
C32 | 0.32335 (10) | −0.0804 (3) | 0.43777 (11) | 0.0375 (5) | |
H32 | 0.2984 | −0.1613 | 0.4158 | 0.045* | |
C33 | 0.30467 (9) | 0.0682 (3) | 0.42360 (10) | 0.0332 (5) | |
H33 | 0.2672 | 0.0895 | 0.3912 | 0.040* | |
C34 | 0.34123 (9) | 0.1848 (3) | 0.45714 (10) | 0.0293 (4) | |
C35 | 0.15006 (9) | 0.2095 (3) | 0.64810 (10) | 0.0298 (4) | |
C36 | 0.09582 (10) | 0.2675 (3) | 0.61247 (11) | 0.0363 (5) | |
H36 | 0.0911 | 0.3526 | 0.5838 | 0.044* | |
C37 | 0.04799 (10) | 0.2002 (3) | 0.61888 (12) | 0.0401 (5) | |
H37 | 0.0105 | 0.2392 | 0.5947 | 0.048* | |
C38 | 0.05564 (9) | 0.0756 (3) | 0.66094 (12) | 0.0375 (5) | |
H38 | 0.0231 | 0.0287 | 0.6651 | 0.045* | |
C39 | 0.11007 (9) | 0.0195 (3) | 0.69661 (11) | 0.0330 (5) | |
H39 | 0.1147 | −0.0653 | 0.7254 | 0.040* | |
C40 | 0.15884 (9) | 0.0861 (2) | 0.69093 (10) | 0.0288 (4) | |
C41 | 0.21719 (9) | 0.0226 (2) | 0.72726 (10) | 0.0279 (4) | |
C42 | 0.22625 (9) | −0.1325 (3) | 0.73141 (10) | 0.0320 (4) | |
H42 | 0.1944 | −0.1984 | 0.7113 | 0.038* | |
C43 | 0.28060 (10) | −0.1929 (3) | 0.76411 (11) | 0.0369 (5) | |
H43 | 0.2859 | −0.2992 | 0.7664 | 0.044* | |
C44 | 0.32739 (10) | −0.0979 (3) | 0.79350 (11) | 0.0372 (5) | |
H44 | 0.3649 | −0.1391 | 0.8151 | 0.045* | |
C45 | 0.31965 (9) | 0.0563 (3) | 0.79145 (10) | 0.0334 (5) | |
H45 | 0.3516 | 0.1213 | 0.8126 | 0.040* | |
C46 | 0.26507 (9) | 0.1158 (2) | 0.75833 (9) | 0.0284 (4) | |
C47 | 0.04143 (12) | 0.7196 (4) | 0.77065 (14) | 0.0537 (7) | |
H47 | 0.0019 | 0.7458 | 0.7563 | 0.064* | |
C48 | 0.05877 (12) | 0.6181 (4) | 0.73342 (14) | 0.0540 (7) | |
H48 | 0.0311 | 0.5740 | 0.6937 | 0.065* | |
C49 | 0.11611 (13) | 0.5804 (3) | 0.75358 (15) | 0.0550 (7) | |
H49 | 0.1281 | 0.5103 | 0.7280 | 0.066* | |
C50 | 0.15594 (13) | 0.6450 (4) | 0.81117 (17) | 0.0627 (9) | |
H50 | 0.1956 | 0.6203 | 0.8252 | 0.075* | |
C51 | 0.13798 (15) | 0.7463 (4) | 0.84858 (15) | 0.0629 (8) | |
H51 | 0.1654 | 0.7903 | 0.8885 | 0.076* | |
C52 | 0.08077 (14) | 0.7832 (4) | 0.82824 (14) | 0.0590 (7) | |
H52 | 0.0685 | 0.8524 | 0.8540 | 0.071* | |
O1 | 0.26355 (6) | 0.36536 (16) | 0.51544 (7) | 0.0273 (3) | |
O2 | 0.36542 (6) | 0.40936 (17) | 0.56232 (7) | 0.0294 (3) | |
O3 | 0.32105 (6) | 0.33231 (17) | 0.44072 (7) | 0.0309 (3) | |
O4 | 0.29329 (6) | 0.38073 (16) | 0.67427 (7) | 0.0265 (3) | |
O5 | 0.19750 (6) | 0.27103 (17) | 0.63783 (7) | 0.0309 (3) | |
O6 | 0.25769 (6) | 0.27110 (17) | 0.76141 (7) | 0.0310 (3) | |
O7 | 0.06992 (7) | 0.6688 (2) | 0.51339 (8) | 0.0427 (4) | |
O8 | 0.37168 (7) | 0.95099 (17) | 0.64772 (7) | 0.0337 (3) | |
P1 | 0.31057 (2) | 0.45307 (6) | 0.49248 (2) | 0.02799 (13) | |
P2 | 0.23811 (2) | 0.38617 (6) | 0.69709 (3) | 0.02787 (13) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0238 (9) | 0.0298 (11) | 0.0245 (9) | 0.0053 (8) | 0.0094 (8) | 0.0046 (8) |
C2 | 0.0302 (10) | 0.0345 (12) | 0.0224 (9) | 0.0016 (8) | 0.0081 (8) | −0.0001 (8) |
C3 | 0.0246 (10) | 0.0404 (13) | 0.0268 (10) | 0.0017 (8) | 0.0057 (8) | −0.0021 (8) |
C4 | 0.0266 (10) | 0.0397 (13) | 0.0273 (10) | 0.0085 (9) | 0.0083 (8) | 0.0012 (9) |
C5 | 0.0301 (10) | 0.0300 (11) | 0.0259 (9) | 0.0030 (8) | 0.0096 (8) | −0.0008 (8) |
C6 | 0.0268 (10) | 0.0276 (11) | 0.0231 (9) | 0.0009 (8) | 0.0090 (8) | 0.0032 (7) |
C7 | 0.0267 (10) | 0.0297 (11) | 0.0229 (9) | 0.0006 (8) | 0.0119 (8) | −0.0013 (7) |
C8 | 0.0307 (10) | 0.0286 (11) | 0.0228 (9) | 0.0024 (8) | 0.0100 (8) | 0.0026 (8) |
C9 | 0.0310 (10) | 0.0268 (11) | 0.0258 (9) | −0.0033 (8) | 0.0132 (8) | −0.0003 (8) |
C10 | 0.0258 (10) | 0.0332 (12) | 0.0237 (9) | −0.0031 (8) | 0.0100 (8) | −0.0029 (8) |
C11 | 0.0263 (10) | 0.0294 (11) | 0.0241 (9) | 0.0004 (8) | 0.0133 (8) | −0.0007 (7) |
C12 | 0.0269 (10) | 0.0255 (11) | 0.0248 (9) | −0.0008 (8) | 0.0131 (8) | −0.0010 (7) |
C13 | 0.0310 (11) | 0.0398 (13) | 0.0325 (10) | 0.0000 (9) | 0.0079 (9) | −0.0093 (9) |
C14 | 0.0420 (12) | 0.0331 (12) | 0.0401 (12) | −0.0030 (9) | 0.0162 (10) | −0.0069 (9) |
C15 | 0.0471 (14) | 0.0492 (15) | 0.0258 (10) | 0.0085 (11) | 0.0061 (10) | −0.0075 (9) |
C16 | 0.0358 (13) | 0.0578 (18) | 0.0619 (17) | −0.0049 (11) | 0.0075 (12) | −0.0290 (14) |
C17 | 0.0395 (14) | 0.0598 (18) | 0.0567 (15) | 0.0138 (12) | 0.0130 (12) | −0.0185 (13) |
C18 | 0.0458 (13) | 0.0247 (11) | 0.0308 (10) | 0.0010 (9) | 0.0162 (9) | 0.0020 (8) |
C19 | 0.0261 (10) | 0.0337 (12) | 0.0229 (9) | 0.0010 (8) | 0.0086 (8) | 0.0018 (8) |
C20 | 0.0336 (11) | 0.0388 (12) | 0.0225 (9) | 0.0013 (9) | 0.0105 (8) | 0.0014 (8) |
C21 | 0.0276 (11) | 0.0433 (13) | 0.0328 (10) | −0.0002 (9) | 0.0069 (9) | 0.0054 (9) |
C22 | 0.0328 (11) | 0.0356 (12) | 0.0266 (10) | 0.0062 (9) | 0.0112 (8) | 0.0029 (8) |
C23 | 0.0276 (10) | 0.0404 (13) | 0.0245 (9) | 0.0022 (8) | 0.0128 (8) | 0.0025 (8) |
C24 | 0.0343 (11) | 0.0431 (13) | 0.0269 (10) | −0.0024 (9) | 0.0133 (9) | −0.0038 (9) |
C25 | 0.0297 (11) | 0.0571 (16) | 0.0311 (11) | −0.0083 (10) | 0.0104 (9) | −0.0037 (10) |
C26 | 0.0265 (11) | 0.0679 (17) | 0.0294 (10) | −0.0005 (10) | 0.0122 (9) | −0.0010 (10) |
C27 | 0.0316 (11) | 0.0525 (15) | 0.0287 (10) | 0.0071 (10) | 0.0144 (9) | 0.0026 (9) |
C28 | 0.0307 (10) | 0.0397 (13) | 0.0250 (9) | 0.0054 (9) | 0.0134 (8) | 0.0037 (8) |
C29 | 0.0340 (11) | 0.0380 (12) | 0.0255 (9) | 0.0045 (9) | 0.0169 (9) | 0.0002 (8) |
C30 | 0.0366 (11) | 0.0419 (13) | 0.0299 (10) | 0.0095 (9) | 0.0158 (9) | 0.0003 (9) |
C31 | 0.0487 (13) | 0.0351 (13) | 0.0383 (11) | 0.0065 (10) | 0.0238 (11) | 0.0002 (9) |
C32 | 0.0425 (13) | 0.0394 (13) | 0.0359 (11) | −0.0028 (10) | 0.0207 (10) | −0.0079 (9) |
C33 | 0.0347 (11) | 0.0418 (13) | 0.0253 (9) | 0.0018 (9) | 0.0140 (9) | −0.0031 (8) |
C34 | 0.0346 (11) | 0.0345 (12) | 0.0232 (9) | 0.0051 (9) | 0.0161 (8) | 0.0013 (8) |
C35 | 0.0290 (10) | 0.0349 (12) | 0.0268 (9) | −0.0040 (8) | 0.0121 (8) | −0.0025 (8) |
C36 | 0.0324 (11) | 0.0399 (13) | 0.0340 (11) | −0.0007 (9) | 0.0099 (9) | 0.0035 (9) |
C37 | 0.0282 (11) | 0.0482 (15) | 0.0418 (12) | 0.0007 (9) | 0.0111 (10) | −0.0012 (10) |
C38 | 0.0291 (11) | 0.0461 (14) | 0.0403 (11) | −0.0059 (9) | 0.0167 (9) | −0.0050 (10) |
C39 | 0.0352 (11) | 0.0360 (13) | 0.0323 (10) | −0.0048 (9) | 0.0179 (9) | −0.0027 (9) |
C40 | 0.0282 (10) | 0.0344 (12) | 0.0255 (9) | −0.0032 (8) | 0.0121 (8) | −0.0046 (8) |
C41 | 0.0311 (10) | 0.0327 (12) | 0.0239 (9) | −0.0021 (8) | 0.0149 (8) | −0.0015 (8) |
C42 | 0.0342 (11) | 0.0349 (12) | 0.0287 (10) | −0.0028 (9) | 0.0139 (9) | −0.0030 (8) |
C43 | 0.0430 (12) | 0.0338 (13) | 0.0338 (11) | 0.0029 (9) | 0.0147 (10) | −0.0019 (9) |
C44 | 0.0332 (11) | 0.0451 (14) | 0.0310 (10) | 0.0078 (10) | 0.0099 (9) | 0.0001 (9) |
C45 | 0.0317 (11) | 0.0438 (13) | 0.0238 (9) | −0.0033 (9) | 0.0095 (8) | −0.0029 (8) |
C46 | 0.0324 (10) | 0.0332 (11) | 0.0221 (9) | −0.0015 (8) | 0.0131 (8) | 0.0000 (8) |
C47 | 0.0491 (15) | 0.0670 (19) | 0.0527 (15) | −0.0009 (13) | 0.0281 (13) | 0.0081 (13) |
C48 | 0.0528 (16) | 0.0603 (18) | 0.0471 (14) | −0.0054 (13) | 0.0170 (12) | 0.0015 (12) |
C49 | 0.0605 (17) | 0.0547 (18) | 0.0553 (16) | 0.0096 (13) | 0.0284 (14) | 0.0104 (13) |
C50 | 0.0435 (15) | 0.068 (2) | 0.072 (2) | 0.0043 (13) | 0.0163 (14) | 0.0379 (17) |
C51 | 0.071 (2) | 0.061 (2) | 0.0418 (14) | −0.0161 (15) | 0.0046 (14) | 0.0121 (13) |
C52 | 0.074 (2) | 0.0626 (19) | 0.0441 (14) | −0.0003 (15) | 0.0271 (14) | 0.0040 (13) |
O1 | 0.0252 (7) | 0.0294 (8) | 0.0279 (7) | 0.0021 (5) | 0.0109 (6) | 0.0002 (5) |
O2 | 0.0253 (7) | 0.0385 (9) | 0.0265 (7) | 0.0002 (6) | 0.0122 (6) | −0.0024 (6) |
O3 | 0.0357 (8) | 0.0337 (8) | 0.0245 (7) | 0.0034 (6) | 0.0129 (6) | 0.0021 (6) |
O4 | 0.0268 (7) | 0.0266 (7) | 0.0274 (7) | −0.0005 (5) | 0.0120 (6) | 0.0007 (5) |
O5 | 0.0300 (7) | 0.0366 (8) | 0.0263 (7) | −0.0065 (6) | 0.0111 (6) | 0.0007 (6) |
O6 | 0.0363 (8) | 0.0314 (8) | 0.0262 (7) | −0.0050 (6) | 0.0131 (6) | −0.0023 (6) |
O7 | 0.0274 (8) | 0.0520 (11) | 0.0421 (9) | 0.0098 (7) | 0.0058 (7) | −0.0125 (7) |
O8 | 0.0359 (8) | 0.0289 (8) | 0.0325 (7) | −0.0056 (6) | 0.0089 (6) | 0.0040 (6) |
P1 | 0.0297 (3) | 0.0298 (3) | 0.0263 (2) | 0.0013 (2) | 0.0127 (2) | 0.00127 (19) |
P2 | 0.0283 (3) | 0.0292 (3) | 0.0284 (2) | −0.0014 (2) | 0.0133 (2) | −0.0002 (2) |
C1—C6 | 1.390 (3) | C25—C26 | 1.381 (4) |
C1—C2 | 1.403 (3) | C25—H25 | 0.9500 |
C1—O1 | 1.409 (2) | C26—C27 | 1.384 (4) |
C2—C3 | 1.394 (3) | C26—H26 | 0.9500 |
C2—C13 | 1.534 (3) | C27—C28 | 1.402 (3) |
C3—C4 | 1.390 (3) | C27—H27 | 0.9500 |
C3—H3 | 0.9500 | C28—C29 | 1.476 (3) |
C4—O7 | 1.375 (3) | C29—C34 | 1.397 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.379 (3) | C29—C30 | 1.398 (3) |
C5—C6 | 1.404 (3) | C30—C31 | 1.381 (4) |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C30—H30 | 0.9500 |
C6—C7 | 1.496 (3) | C31—C32 | 1.386 (3) |
C7—C8 | 1.394 (3) | C31—H31 | 0.9500 |
C7—C12 | 1.401 (3) | C32—C33 | 1.393 (3) |
C8—C9 | 1.378 (3) | C32—H32 | 0.9500 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C33—C34 | 1.386 (3) |
C9—O8 | 1.364 (3) | C33—H33 | 0.9500 |
C9—C10 | 1.395 (3) | C34—O3 | 1.397 (3) |
C10—C11 | 1.389 (3) | C35—C36 | 1.380 (3) |
C10—H10 | 0.9500 | C35—C40 | 1.388 (3) |
C11—C12 | 1.411 (3) | C35—O5 | 1.401 (2) |
C11—C19 | 1.544 (3) | C36—C37 | 1.394 (3) |
C12—O4 | 1.409 (2) | C36—H36 | 0.9500 |
C13—C16 | 1.533 (3) | C37—C38 | 1.390 (4) |
C13—C14 | 1.536 (3) | C37—H37 | 0.9500 |
C13—C15 | 1.540 (3) | C38—C39 | 1.379 (3) |
C14—H14A | 0.9800 | C38—H38 | 0.9500 |
C14—H14B | 0.9800 | C39—C40 | 1.406 (3) |
C14—H14C | 0.9800 | C39—H39 | 0.9500 |
C15—H15A | 0.9800 | C40—C41 | 1.482 (3) |
C15—H15B | 0.9800 | C41—C42 | 1.391 (3) |
C15—H15C | 0.9800 | C41—C46 | 1.399 (3) |
C16—H16A | 0.9800 | C42—C43 | 1.381 (3) |
C16—H16B | 0.9800 | C42—H42 | 0.9500 |
C16—H16C | 0.9800 | C43—C44 | 1.386 (3) |
C17—O7 | 1.420 (3) | C43—H43 | 0.9500 |
C17—H17A | 0.9800 | C44—C45 | 1.379 (3) |
C17—H17B | 0.9800 | C44—H44 | 0.9500 |
C17—H17C | 0.9800 | C45—C46 | 1.384 (3) |
C18—O8 | 1.428 (3) | C45—H45 | 0.9500 |
C18—H18A | 0.9800 | C46—O6 | 1.394 (3) |
C18—H18B | 0.9800 | C47—C52 | 1.370 (4) |
C18—H18C | 0.9800 | C47—C48 | 1.376 (4) |
C19—C22 | 1.532 (3) | C47—H47 | 0.9500 |
C19—C21 | 1.539 (3) | C48—C49 | 1.377 (4) |
C19—C20 | 1.543 (3) | C48—H48 | 0.9500 |
C20—H20A | 0.9800 | C49—C50 | 1.379 (5) |
C20—H20B | 0.9800 | C49—H49 | 0.9500 |
C20—H20C | 0.9800 | C50—C51 | 1.386 (5) |
C21—H21A | 0.9800 | C50—H50 | 0.9500 |
C21—H21B | 0.9800 | C51—C52 | 1.372 (5) |
C21—H21C | 0.9800 | C51—H51 | 0.9500 |
C22—H22A | 0.9800 | C52—H52 | 0.9500 |
C22—H22B | 0.9800 | O1—P1 | 1.6372 (14) |
C22—H22C | 0.9800 | O2—P1 | 1.6433 (14) |
C23—C24 | 1.381 (3) | O3—P1 | 1.6300 (15) |
C23—O2 | 1.392 (2) | O4—P2 | 1.6352 (13) |
C23—C28 | 1.394 (3) | O5—P2 | 1.6419 (15) |
C24—C25 | 1.394 (3) | O6—P2 | 1.6282 (15) |
C24—H24 | 0.9500 | ||
C6—C1—C2 | 122.39 (18) | C23—C24—H24 | 120.4 |
C6—C1—O1 | 118.55 (17) | C25—C24—H24 | 120.4 |
C2—C1—O1 | 118.98 (18) | C26—C25—C24 | 119.8 (2) |
C3—C2—C1 | 116.0 (2) | C26—C25—H25 | 120.1 |
C3—C2—C13 | 120.23 (19) | C24—C25—H25 | 120.1 |
C1—C2—C13 | 123.77 (19) | C25—C26—C27 | 120.5 (2) |
C4—C3—C2 | 122.7 (2) | C25—C26—H26 | 119.7 |
C4—C3—H3 | 118.6 | C27—C26—H26 | 119.7 |
C2—C3—H3 | 118.6 | C26—C27—C28 | 121.0 (2) |
O7—C4—C5 | 125.3 (2) | C26—C27—H27 | 119.5 |
O7—C4—C3 | 114.84 (19) | C28—C27—H27 | 119.5 |
C5—C4—C3 | 119.86 (19) | C23—C28—C27 | 117.2 (2) |
C4—C5—C6 | 119.48 (19) | C23—C28—C29 | 121.77 (19) |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.3 | C27—C28—C29 | 121.0 (2) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.3 | C34—C29—C30 | 117.2 (2) |
C1—C6—C5 | 119.26 (18) | C34—C29—C28 | 121.9 (2) |
C1—C6—C7 | 123.42 (18) | C30—C29—C28 | 120.9 (2) |
C5—C6—C7 | 117.31 (18) | C31—C30—C29 | 121.6 (2) |
C8—C7—C12 | 119.64 (18) | C31—C30—H30 | 119.2 |
C8—C7—C6 | 117.78 (17) | C29—C30—H30 | 119.2 |
C12—C7—C6 | 122.49 (18) | C30—C31—C32 | 120.0 (2) |
C9—C8—C7 | 119.79 (18) | C30—C31—H31 | 120.0 |
C9—C8—H8 | 120.1 | C32—C31—H31 | 120.0 |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.1 | C31—C32—C33 | 119.8 (2) |
O8—C9—C8 | 124.69 (19) | C31—C32—H32 | 120.1 |
O8—C9—C10 | 115.65 (18) | C33—C32—H32 | 120.1 |
C8—C9—C10 | 119.66 (19) | C34—C33—C32 | 119.4 (2) |
C11—C10—C9 | 122.54 (19) | C34—C33—H33 | 120.3 |
C11—C10—H10 | 118.7 | C32—C33—H33 | 120.3 |
C9—C10—H10 | 118.7 | C33—C34—C29 | 121.8 (2) |
C10—C11—C12 | 116.61 (18) | C33—C34—O3 | 117.58 (19) |
C10—C11—C19 | 119.47 (18) | C29—C34—O3 | 120.5 (2) |
C12—C11—C19 | 123.90 (18) | C36—C35—C40 | 122.08 (19) |
C7—C12—O4 | 118.00 (17) | C36—C35—O5 | 119.21 (19) |
C7—C12—C11 | 121.21 (19) | C40—C35—O5 | 118.60 (18) |
O4—C12—C11 | 120.78 (17) | C35—C36—C37 | 119.5 (2) |
C16—C13—C2 | 111.91 (19) | C35—C36—H36 | 120.2 |
C16—C13—C14 | 106.5 (2) | C37—C36—H36 | 120.2 |
C2—C13—C14 | 109.85 (18) | C38—C37—C36 | 119.5 (2) |
C16—C13—C15 | 107.6 (2) | C38—C37—H37 | 120.3 |
C2—C13—C15 | 109.0 (2) | C36—C37—H37 | 120.3 |
C14—C13—C15 | 112.01 (19) | C39—C38—C37 | 120.5 (2) |
C13—C14—H14A | 109.5 | C39—C38—H38 | 119.8 |
C13—C14—H14B | 109.5 | C37—C38—H38 | 119.8 |
H14A—C14—H14B | 109.5 | C38—C39—C40 | 120.9 (2) |
C13—C14—H14C | 109.5 | C38—C39—H39 | 119.5 |
H14A—C14—H14C | 109.5 | C40—C39—H39 | 119.5 |
H14B—C14—H14C | 109.5 | C35—C40—C39 | 117.6 (2) |
C13—C15—H15A | 109.5 | C35—C40—C41 | 121.36 (18) |
C13—C15—H15B | 109.5 | C39—C40—C41 | 121.0 (2) |
H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 | C42—C41—C46 | 117.6 (2) |
C13—C15—H15C | 109.5 | C42—C41—C40 | 120.90 (19) |
H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 | C46—C41—C40 | 121.5 (2) |
H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 | C43—C42—C41 | 121.4 (2) |
C13—C16—H16A | 109.5 | C43—C42—H42 | 119.3 |
C13—C16—H16B | 109.5 | C41—C42—H42 | 119.3 |
H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 | C42—C43—C44 | 119.8 (2) |
C13—C16—H16C | 109.5 | C42—C43—H43 | 120.1 |
H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 | C44—C43—H43 | 120.1 |
H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 | C45—C44—C43 | 120.2 (2) |
O7—C17—H17A | 109.5 | C45—C44—H44 | 119.9 |
O7—C17—H17B | 109.5 | C43—C44—H44 | 119.9 |
H17A—C17—H17B | 109.5 | C44—C45—C46 | 119.6 (2) |
O7—C17—H17C | 109.5 | C44—C45—H45 | 120.2 |
H17A—C17—H17C | 109.5 | C46—C45—H45 | 120.2 |
H17B—C17—H17C | 109.5 | C45—C46—O6 | 118.40 (19) |
O8—C18—H18A | 109.5 | C45—C46—C41 | 121.4 (2) |
O8—C18—H18B | 109.5 | O6—C46—C41 | 119.96 (18) |
H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 | C52—C47—C48 | 120.5 (3) |
O8—C18—H18C | 109.5 | C52—C47—H47 | 119.7 |
H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 | C48—C47—H47 | 119.7 |
H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 | C47—C48—C49 | 120.1 (3) |
C22—C19—C21 | 106.76 (17) | C47—C48—H48 | 119.9 |
C22—C19—C20 | 110.18 (17) | C49—C48—H48 | 119.9 |
C21—C19—C20 | 107.29 (17) | C48—C49—C50 | 119.6 (3) |
C22—C19—C11 | 111.34 (16) | C48—C49—H49 | 120.2 |
C21—C19—C11 | 111.70 (17) | C50—C49—H49 | 120.2 |
C20—C19—C11 | 109.46 (16) | C49—C50—C51 | 119.9 (3) |
C19—C20—H20A | 109.5 | C49—C50—H50 | 120.1 |
C19—C20—H20B | 109.5 | C51—C50—H50 | 120.1 |
H20A—C20—H20B | 109.5 | C52—C51—C50 | 120.2 (3) |
C19—C20—H20C | 109.5 | C52—C51—H51 | 119.9 |
H20A—C20—H20C | 109.5 | C50—C51—H51 | 119.9 |
H20B—C20—H20C | 109.5 | C47—C52—C51 | 119.7 (3) |
C19—C21—H21A | 109.5 | C47—C52—H52 | 120.2 |
C19—C21—H21B | 109.5 | C51—C52—H52 | 120.2 |
H21A—C21—H21B | 109.5 | C1—O1—P1 | 120.65 (13) |
C19—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C23—O2—P1 | 119.44 (12) |
H21A—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C34—O3—P1 | 125.54 (12) |
H21B—C21—H21C | 109.5 | C12—O4—P2 | 116.93 (12) |
C19—C22—H22A | 109.5 | C35—O5—P2 | 115.87 (12) |
C19—C22—H22B | 109.5 | C46—O6—P2 | 125.57 (12) |
H22A—C22—H22B | 109.5 | C4—O7—C17 | 116.87 (18) |
C19—C22—H22C | 109.5 | C9—O8—C18 | 115.57 (17) |
H22A—C22—H22C | 109.5 | O3—P1—O1 | 102.27 (8) |
H22B—C22—H22C | 109.5 | O3—P1—O2 | 99.42 (8) |
C24—C23—O2 | 118.85 (19) | O1—P1—O2 | 93.84 (7) |
C24—C23—C28 | 122.4 (2) | O6—P2—O4 | 102.43 (8) |
O2—C23—C28 | 118.5 (2) | O6—P2—O5 | 99.14 (8) |
C23—C24—C25 | 119.1 (2) | O4—P2—O5 | 95.73 (7) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 4.9 (3) | C31—C32—C33—C34 | −1.3 (3) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −178.35 (17) | C32—C33—C34—C29 | 3.6 (3) |
C6—C1—C2—C13 | −174.64 (19) | C32—C33—C34—O3 | 179.15 (17) |
O1—C1—C2—C13 | 2.1 (3) | C30—C29—C34—C33 | −3.1 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.3 (3) | C28—C29—C34—C33 | 176.17 (18) |
C13—C2—C3—C4 | 179.2 (2) | C30—C29—C34—O3 | −178.52 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—O7 | 178.8 (2) | C28—C29—C34—O3 | 0.8 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −3.3 (3) | C40—C35—C36—C37 | −0.5 (3) |
O7—C4—C5—C6 | −179.9 (2) | O5—C35—C36—C37 | 175.6 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 2.5 (3) | C35—C36—C37—C38 | −0.2 (4) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −5.7 (3) | C36—C37—C38—C39 | 0.6 (4) |
O1—C1—C6—C5 | 177.48 (17) | C37—C38—C39—C40 | −0.5 (3) |
C2—C1—C6—C7 | 175.04 (18) | C36—C35—C40—C39 | 0.6 (3) |
O1—C1—C6—C7 | −1.7 (3) | O5—C35—C40—C39 | −175.47 (17) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 1.9 (3) | C36—C35—C40—C41 | 178.2 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | −178.85 (18) | O5—C35—C40—C41 | 2.1 (3) |
C1—C6—C7—C8 | 117.3 (2) | C38—C39—C40—C35 | −0.1 (3) |
C5—C6—C7—C8 | −61.9 (2) | C38—C39—C40—C41 | −177.74 (19) |
C1—C6—C7—C12 | −66.1 (3) | C35—C40—C41—C42 | −136.9 (2) |
C5—C6—C7—C12 | 114.7 (2) | C39—C40—C41—C42 | 40.6 (3) |
C12—C7—C8—C9 | 1.6 (3) | C35—C40—C41—C46 | 42.9 (3) |
C6—C7—C8—C9 | 178.23 (17) | C39—C40—C41—C46 | −139.6 (2) |
C7—C8—C9—O8 | −175.82 (17) | C46—C41—C42—C43 | −0.9 (3) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 4.7 (3) | C40—C41—C42—C43 | 178.84 (18) |
O8—C9—C10—C11 | 174.68 (17) | C41—C42—C43—C44 | −0.1 (3) |
C8—C9—C10—C11 | −5.8 (3) | C42—C43—C44—C45 | 1.4 (3) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | 0.4 (3) | C43—C44—C45—C46 | −1.7 (3) |
C9—C10—C11—C19 | −177.90 (17) | C44—C45—C46—O6 | 175.18 (17) |
C8—C7—C12—O4 | 173.19 (16) | C44—C45—C46—C41 | 0.6 (3) |
C6—C7—C12—O4 | −3.3 (3) | C42—C41—C46—C45 | 0.6 (3) |
C8—C7—C12—C11 | −7.1 (3) | C40—C41—C46—C45 | −179.11 (17) |
C6—C7—C12—C11 | 176.38 (17) | C42—C41—C46—O6 | −173.83 (16) |
C10—C11—C12—C7 | 6.0 (3) | C40—C41—C46—O6 | 6.4 (3) |
C19—C11—C12—C7 | −175.73 (17) | C52—C47—C48—C49 | −0.5 (4) |
C10—C11—C12—O4 | −174.29 (16) | C47—C48—C49—C50 | −0.1 (4) |
C19—C11—C12—O4 | 3.9 (3) | C48—C49—C50—C51 | 0.5 (4) |
C3—C2—C13—C16 | −8.9 (3) | C49—C50—C51—C52 | −0.5 (4) |
C1—C2—C13—C16 | 170.6 (2) | C48—C47—C52—C51 | 0.6 (4) |
C3—C2—C13—C14 | −126.9 (2) | C50—C51—C52—C47 | −0.1 (4) |
C1—C2—C13—C14 | 52.6 (3) | C6—C1—O1—P1 | −63.9 (2) |
C3—C2—C13—C15 | 110.0 (2) | C2—C1—O1—P1 | 119.26 (17) |
C1—C2—C13—C15 | −70.5 (3) | C24—C23—O2—P1 | 105.80 (19) |
C10—C11—C19—C22 | −133.04 (19) | C28—C23—O2—P1 | −79.4 (2) |
C12—C11—C19—C22 | 48.8 (2) | C33—C34—O3—P1 | 116.70 (17) |
C10—C11—C19—C21 | −13.8 (2) | C29—C34—O3—P1 | −67.7 (2) |
C12—C11—C19—C21 | 168.04 (18) | C7—C12—O4—P2 | −66.19 (19) |
C10—C11—C19—C20 | 104.9 (2) | C11—C12—O4—P2 | 114.13 (17) |
C12—C11—C19—C20 | −73.3 (2) | C36—C35—O5—P2 | 102.7 (2) |
O2—C23—C24—C25 | 175.12 (19) | C40—C35—O5—P2 | −81.1 (2) |
C28—C23—C24—C25 | 0.5 (3) | C45—C46—O6—P2 | 116.01 (18) |
C23—C24—C25—C26 | −0.5 (3) | C41—C46—O6—P2 | −69.4 (2) |
C24—C25—C26—C27 | −0.1 (4) | C5—C4—O7—C17 | −1.9 (3) |
C25—C26—C27—C28 | 0.6 (3) | C3—C4—O7—C17 | 175.8 (2) |
C24—C23—C28—C27 | 0.0 (3) | C8—C9—O8—C18 | 14.4 (3) |
O2—C23—C28—C27 | −174.62 (17) | C10—C9—O8—C18 | −166.10 (17) |
C24—C23—C28—C29 | 178.94 (19) | C34—O3—P1—O1 | −59.05 (17) |
O2—C23—C28—C29 | 4.3 (3) | C34—O3—P1—O2 | 37.00 (17) |
C26—C27—C28—C23 | −0.6 (3) | C1—O1—P1—O3 | −134.20 (14) |
C26—C27—C28—C29 | −179.5 (2) | C1—O1—P1—O2 | 125.29 (14) |
C23—C28—C29—C34 | 43.9 (3) | C23—O2—P1—O3 | 53.57 (17) |
C27—C28—C29—C34 | −137.1 (2) | C23—O2—P1—O1 | 156.69 (16) |
C23—C28—C29—C30 | −136.8 (2) | C46—O6—P2—O4 | −66.92 (16) |
C27—C28—C29—C30 | 42.1 (3) | C46—O6—P2—O5 | 31.07 (17) |
C34—C29—C30—C31 | 0.4 (3) | C12—O4—P2—O6 | −131.10 (13) |
C28—C29—C30—C31 | −178.94 (19) | C12—O4—P2—O5 | 128.21 (13) |
C29—C30—C31—C32 | 1.9 (3) | C35—O5—P2—O6 | 60.03 (15) |
C30—C31—C32—C33 | −1.4 (3) | C35—O5—P2—O4 | 163.63 (14) |
Cg1 is the centroid of the C47–C52 benzene ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C39—H39···Cg1i | 0.95 | 2.75 | 3.678 (3) | 165 |
Symmetry code: (i) x, y−1, z. |
References
Baker, M. J., Harrison, K. N., Orpen, A. G., Pringle, P. G. & Shaw, G. (1991). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 803–804. CSD CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Börner, A. & Franke, R. (2016). Hydroformylation. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Google Scholar
Briggs, J. R. & Whiteker, G. T. (2001). Chem. Commun. pp. 2174–2175. Web of Science CrossRef Google Scholar
Bruker (2013). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Bruker (2014). APEX2 and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Franke, R., Borgmann, C., Hess, D. & Wiese, K.-D. (2003). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 629, 2535–2538. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Hao, Y., Guo, H.-R., Zhu, L.-Q. & Feng, J. (2012). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 31, 673–676. Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-H., Howell, D. K., Stanley, G. G. & Fronczek, F. R. (2014). Private Communication (refcode CCDC 994753). CCDC, Cambridge, England. DOI: 10.5517/cc12d3td. Google Scholar
Meyer, T. G., Fischer, A., Jones, P. G. & Schmutzler, R. (1993). Z. Naturforsch. B, 48, 659–671. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Westrip, S. P. (2010). J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 920–925. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Whiteker, G. T., Harrison, A. M. & Abatjoglou, A. G. (1995). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 1805–1806. CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.