metal-organic compounds
Potassium 3-formyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-olate monohydrate
aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: akitsu@rs.kagu.tus.ac.jp
The title salt, K+·C13H9O2−·H2O, was synthesized from 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and a phenylboronic acid derivative using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (Miyaura & Suzuki, 1979). In addition to the intermolecular interactions between the charged species, two O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the isolated water molecules further stabilize the crystal packing of the title salt leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework structure.
Keywords: crystal structure; cross coupling reactions; potassium cation.
CCDC reference: 1575889
Structure description
Biaryl is an important basic skeleton for various kinds of molecules: physiologically active substances (e.g. diflunisal, which shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory action) and liquid crystals (e.g. 4-alkyl 4′-cyanobiphenyl). In addition, phenylphenol comprising a biaryl skeleton, is used as reagent, reactant (Kikushima & Nishina, 2013; Hall et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2017) and drug (Jiratthiya et al. 2015).
In the ), the O atom of the formyl group is tilted towards the phenoxide O atom: the torsion angle C10—C9—C13—O2 is 3.0 (2)° and the torsion angle O2—C13—C9—C8 is −179.71 (13)°. The K+ cations are surrounded by seven O atoms from three isolated water molecules and three different [C13H9O2]− anions. The seven K⋯O distances are in the range of 2.717 (1)–2.960 (1) Å. Two O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Table 1) involving the isolated water molecules further stabilize the crystal packing of the title salt (Fig. 2) leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework structure.
of the title compound (Fig. 1Synthesis and crystallization
Treatment of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (0.402 g, 2.00 mmol), phenylboronic acid (0.366 g, 3.00 mmol), K2CO3 (0.553 g, 4.00 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.5 mol%) in EtOH–H2O (4:1 v/v) for 5 h at 353 K in degassed N2 (Morris & Nguyen, 2001) gave rise to a yellow precursor after evaporation and was dried in a desiccator for several days (68% yield). This crude yellow compound was filtered off and recrystallized by slow evaporation from a methanol solution to give yellow prismatic single crystals.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The formyl H atom and the water H atoms were located and freely refined, while the other aromatic H atoms were placed in calculated positions.
details are summarized in Table 2Structural data
CCDC reference: 1575889
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314617013542/zq4024sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314617013542/zq4024Isup2.hkl
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2012); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2012); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2012); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).K+·C13H9O2−·HO | F(000) = 528 |
Mr = 254.32 | Dx = 1.485 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 23.213 (5) Å | Cell parameters from 4464 reflections |
b = 6.7398 (15) Å | θ = 1.8–27.5° |
c = 7.2711 (16) Å | µ = 0.46 mm−1 |
β = 90.593 (3)° | T = 103 K |
V = 1137.5 (4) Å3 | Prism, orange |
Z = 4 | 0.27 × 0.18 × 0.10 mm |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | 2532 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2402 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.024 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2014) | h = −18→29 |
Tmin = 0.886, Tmax = 0.957 | k = −7→8 |
5890 measured reflections | l = −9→8 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
wR(F2) = 0.073 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.12 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0255P)2 + 0.8435P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2532 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
170 parameters | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.59348 (4) | 0.52653 (14) | 0.58043 (13) | 0.0108 (2) | |
O3 | 0.53358 (4) | 0.72835 (16) | 0.83869 (14) | 0.0128 (2) | |
O2 | 0.61886 (4) | 0.43723 (15) | 0.20229 (13) | 0.0127 (2) | |
C10 | 0.64935 (6) | 0.52030 (19) | 0.59788 (18) | 0.0095 (3) | |
C12 | 0.73524 (6) | 0.5543 (2) | 0.79525 (18) | 0.0115 (3) | |
H12 | 0.7511 | 0.5843 | 0.913 | 0.014* | |
C11 | 0.67639 (6) | 0.5623 (2) | 0.77061 (19) | 0.0115 (3) | |
C9 | 0.68751 (6) | 0.4706 (2) | 0.45135 (18) | 0.0099 (3) | |
C8 | 0.74752 (6) | 0.4621 (2) | 0.48228 (19) | 0.0111 (3) | |
H8 | 0.7717 | 0.4267 | 0.3828 | 0.013* | |
C7 | 0.77284 (6) | 0.5032 (2) | 0.65162 (19) | 0.0108 (3) | |
C13 | 0.66859 (6) | 0.4365 (2) | 0.26244 (19) | 0.0112 (3) | |
C6 | 0.83627 (6) | 0.4996 (2) | 0.68178 (19) | 0.0118 (3) | |
C5 | 0.86217 (6) | 0.6294 (2) | 0.8087 (2) | 0.0150 (3) | |
H5 | 0.8389 | 0.7199 | 0.875 | 0.018* | |
C1 | 0.87173 (6) | 0.3692 (2) | 0.5851 (2) | 0.0151 (3) | |
H1 | 0.8551 | 0.2796 | 0.4987 | 0.018* | |
C4 | 0.92142 (6) | 0.6274 (2) | 0.8388 (2) | 0.0174 (3) | |
H4 | 0.9382 | 0.7151 | 0.9265 | 0.021* | |
C3 | 0.95605 (6) | 0.4978 (2) | 0.7413 (2) | 0.0178 (3) | |
H3 | 0.9966 | 0.4968 | 0.7613 | 0.021* | |
C2 | 0.93100 (7) | 0.3692 (2) | 0.6139 (2) | 0.0182 (3) | |
H2 | 0.9546 | 0.2809 | 0.5461 | 0.022* | |
H11 | 0.6529 (7) | 0.601 (3) | 0.873 (2) | 0.015 (4)* | |
H13 | 0.7009 (7) | 0.408 (3) | 0.178 (2) | 0.012 (4)* | |
H14 | 0.5538 (10) | 0.807 (4) | 0.897 (3) | 0.040 (7)* | |
H15 | 0.5545 (9) | 0.680 (3) | 0.753 (3) | 0.027 (5)* | |
K1 | 0.55412 (2) | 0.31194 (4) | 0.91130 (4) | 0.01045 (9) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0090 (5) | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0113 (4) | 0.0002 (4) | 0.0007 (3) | −0.0005 (4) |
O3 | 0.0108 (5) | 0.0155 (5) | 0.0122 (5) | −0.0005 (4) | 0.0019 (4) | −0.0030 (4) |
O2 | 0.0127 (5) | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0111 (5) | −0.0022 (4) | −0.0012 (4) | 0.0005 (4) |
C10 | 0.0120 (6) | 0.0056 (6) | 0.0109 (6) | −0.0008 (5) | 0.0005 (5) | 0.0011 (5) |
C12 | 0.0152 (7) | 0.0104 (6) | 0.0088 (6) | −0.0013 (5) | −0.0015 (5) | −0.0003 (5) |
C11 | 0.0137 (7) | 0.0112 (6) | 0.0097 (6) | −0.0005 (5) | 0.0022 (5) | −0.0008 (5) |
C9 | 0.0125 (6) | 0.0075 (6) | 0.0097 (6) | −0.0008 (5) | 0.0008 (5) | 0.0005 (5) |
C8 | 0.0118 (6) | 0.0102 (6) | 0.0115 (6) | −0.0001 (5) | 0.0028 (5) | −0.0006 (5) |
C7 | 0.0113 (6) | 0.0085 (6) | 0.0126 (6) | −0.0007 (5) | 0.0001 (5) | 0.0007 (5) |
C13 | 0.0133 (7) | 0.0094 (6) | 0.0109 (6) | −0.0012 (5) | 0.0023 (5) | 0.0002 (5) |
C6 | 0.0120 (7) | 0.0124 (6) | 0.0110 (6) | −0.0003 (5) | 0.0000 (5) | 0.0025 (5) |
C5 | 0.0146 (7) | 0.0152 (7) | 0.0153 (7) | −0.0002 (6) | 0.0012 (5) | −0.0025 (6) |
C1 | 0.0156 (7) | 0.0158 (7) | 0.0140 (7) | 0.0013 (6) | −0.0013 (5) | −0.0022 (6) |
C4 | 0.0154 (7) | 0.0201 (7) | 0.0166 (7) | −0.0032 (6) | −0.0015 (6) | −0.0021 (6) |
C3 | 0.0105 (7) | 0.0239 (8) | 0.0192 (7) | 0.0007 (6) | −0.0019 (5) | 0.0026 (6) |
C2 | 0.0166 (7) | 0.0202 (7) | 0.0178 (7) | 0.0046 (6) | 0.0017 (6) | −0.0013 (6) |
K1 | 0.01107 (15) | 0.01123 (15) | 0.00905 (15) | 0.00107 (11) | 0.00014 (10) | −0.00008 (11) |
O1—C10 | 1.3026 (17) | C7—C6 | 1.4864 (19) |
O1—K1i | 2.7437 (11) | C13—K1i | 3.3310 (15) |
O1—K1 | 2.9597 (11) | C13—H13 | 0.992 (17) |
O3—K1ii | 2.7567 (11) | C6—C1 | 1.399 (2) |
O3—K1iii | 2.7730 (12) | C6—C5 | 1.402 (2) |
O3—K1 | 2.8943 (13) | C5—C4 | 1.391 (2) |
O3—H14 | 0.82 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.95 |
O3—H15 | 0.86 (2) | C1—C2 | 1.390 (2) |
O2—C13 | 1.2302 (17) | C1—H1 | 0.95 |
O2—K1iv | 2.7170 (11) | C4—C3 | 1.387 (2) |
O2—K1i | 2.7268 (11) | C4—H4 | 0.95 |
C10—C11 | 1.4266 (19) | C3—C2 | 1.391 (2) |
C10—C9 | 1.4324 (19) | C3—H3 | 0.95 |
C10—K1i | 3.4175 (14) | C2—H2 | 0.95 |
C10—K1 | 3.4866 (14) | K1—O2v | 2.7171 (11) |
C12—C11 | 1.377 (2) | K1—O2vi | 2.7269 (11) |
C12—C7 | 1.4107 (19) | K1—O1vi | 2.7437 (11) |
C12—H12 | 0.95 | K1—O3ii | 2.7566 (11) |
C11—K1 | 3.4656 (15) | K1—O3vii | 2.7730 (12) |
C11—H11 | 0.962 (18) | K1—C13vi | 3.3311 (15) |
C9—C8 | 1.4098 (19) | K1—C10vi | 3.4175 (14) |
C9—C13 | 1.4561 (19) | K1—K1vi | 3.7302 (8) |
C8—C7 | 1.3869 (19) | K1—H11 | 3.022 (18) |
C8—H8 | 0.95 | K1—H15 | 2.74 (2) |
C10—O1—K1i | 110.09 (8) | O1vi—K1—O3 | 160.29 (3) |
C10—O1—K1 | 102.74 (8) | O3ii—K1—O3 | 95.42 (3) |
K1i—O1—K1 | 81.60 (3) | O3vii—K1—O3 | 87.65 (2) |
K1ii—O3—K1iii | 84.84 (3) | O2v—K1—O1 | 107.95 (3) |
K1ii—O3—K1 | 84.58 (3) | O2vi—K1—O1 | 70.82 (3) |
K1iii—O3—K1 | 115.79 (4) | O1vi—K1—O1 | 131.80 (4) |
K1ii—O3—H14 | 98.1 (16) | O3ii—K1—O1 | 145.13 (3) |
K1iii—O3—H14 | 128.3 (16) | O3vii—K1—O1 | 78.29 (3) |
K1—O3—H14 | 115.9 (16) | O3—K1—O1 | 55.22 (3) |
K1ii—O3—H15 | 150.4 (14) | O2v—K1—C13vi | 88.43 (4) |
K1iii—O3—H15 | 90.9 (14) | O2vi—K1—C13vi | 20.48 (3) |
K1—O3—H15 | 71.0 (14) | O1vi—K1—C13vi | 57.63 (3) |
H14—O3—H15 | 107 (2) | O3ii—K1—C13vi | 139.62 (4) |
C13—O2—K1iv | 141.72 (9) | O3vii—K1—C13vi | 105.52 (4) |
C13—O2—K1i | 108.66 (8) | O3—K1—C13vi | 123.96 (3) |
K1iv—O2—K1i | 86.51 (3) | O1—K1—C13vi | 74.19 (3) |
O1—C10—C11 | 120.53 (12) | O2v—K1—C10vi | 62.89 (3) |
O1—C10—C9 | 123.92 (12) | O2vi—K1—C10vi | 57.30 (3) |
C11—C10—C9 | 115.55 (12) | O1vi—K1—C10vi | 20.97 (3) |
O1—C10—K1i | 48.94 (6) | O3ii—K1—C10vi | 98.79 (4) |
C11—C10—K1i | 139.15 (9) | O3vii—K1—C10vi | 126.48 (3) |
C9—C10—K1i | 87.36 (8) | O3—K1—C10vi | 144.33 (3) |
O1—C10—K1 | 55.89 (6) | O1—K1—C10vi | 116.04 (3) |
C11—C10—K1 | 77.33 (8) | C13vi—K1—C10vi | 44.33 (3) |
C9—C10—K1 | 142.48 (9) | O2v—K1—C11 | 68.31 (3) |
K1i—C10—K1 | 65.40 (3) | O2vi—K1—C11 | 71.19 (3) |
C11—C12—C7 | 122.26 (12) | O1vi—K1—C11 | 105.50 (3) |
C11—C12—H12 | 118.9 | O3ii—K1—C11 | 148.79 (3) |
C7—C12—H12 | 118.9 | O3vii—K1—C11 | 120.22 (4) |
C12—C11—C10 | 122.25 (13) | O3—K1—C11 | 66.92 (3) |
C12—C11—K1 | 139.20 (9) | O1—K1—C11 | 42.39 (3) |
C10—C11—K1 | 78.99 (8) | C13vi—K1—C11 | 59.36 (4) |
C12—C11—H11 | 118.6 (10) | C10vi—K1—C11 | 84.71 (4) |
C10—C11—H11 | 119.1 (10) | O2v—K1—C10 | 91.98 (3) |
K1—C11—H11 | 55.2 (11) | O2vi—K1—C10 | 61.77 (3) |
C8—C9—C10 | 120.56 (12) | O1vi—K1—C10 | 114.67 (3) |
C8—C9—C13 | 115.60 (12) | O3ii—K1—C10 | 161.48 (3) |
C10—C9—C13 | 123.75 (12) | O3vii—K1—C10 | 96.86 (4) |
C7—C8—C9 | 122.86 (13) | O3—K1—C10 | 66.08 (3) |
C7—C8—H8 | 118.6 | O1—K1—C10 | 21.37 (3) |
C9—C8—H8 | 118.6 | C13vi—K1—C10 | 58.45 (3) |
C8—C7—C12 | 116.50 (12) | C10vi—K1—C10 | 96.40 (4) |
C8—C7—C6 | 122.53 (12) | C11—K1—C10 | 23.68 (3) |
C12—C7—C6 | 120.95 (12) | O2v—K1—K1vi | 46.86 (2) |
O2—C13—C9 | 127.42 (13) | O2vi—K1—K1vi | 114.26 (3) |
O2—C13—K1i | 50.86 (7) | O1vi—K1—K1vi | 51.71 (2) |
C9—C13—K1i | 90.38 (8) | O3ii—K1—K1vi | 47.76 (2) |
O2—C13—H13 | 119.7 (10) | O3vii—K1—K1vi | 125.88 (3) |
C9—C13—H13 | 112.9 (10) | O3—K1—K1vi | 113.15 (2) |
K1i—C13—H13 | 135.7 (10) | O1—K1—K1vi | 154.79 (2) |
C1—C6—C5 | 118.17 (13) | C13vi—K1—K1vi | 102.25 (3) |
C1—C6—C7 | 121.55 (13) | C10vi—K1—K1vi | 58.19 (2) |
C5—C6—C7 | 120.28 (13) | C11—K1—K1vi | 113.89 (2) |
C4—C5—C6 | 120.96 (14) | C10—K1—K1vi | 137.19 (2) |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.5 | O2v—K1—H11 | 57.2 (3) |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.5 | O2vi—K1—H11 | 85.5 (4) |
C2—C1—C6 | 120.73 (14) | O1vi—K1—H11 | 109.1 (3) |
C2—C1—H1 | 119.6 | O3ii—K1—H11 | 133.7 (4) |
C6—C1—H1 | 119.6 | O3vii—K1—H11 | 128.5 (3) |
C3—C4—C5 | 120.20 (14) | O3—K1—H11 | 58.8 (3) |
C3—C4—H4 | 119.9 | O1—K1—H11 | 50.9 (3) |
C5—C4—H4 | 119.9 | C13vi—K1—H11 | 71.6 (3) |
C4—C3—C2 | 119.47 (14) | C10vi—K1—H11 | 88.3 (3) |
C4—C3—H3 | 120.3 | C11—K1—H11 | 15.2 (3) |
C2—C3—H3 | 120.3 | C10—K1—H11 | 36.3 (3) |
C1—C2—C3 | 120.46 (14) | K1vi—K1—H11 | 104.0 (3) |
C1—C2—H2 | 119.8 | O2v—K1—H15 | 92.4 (4) |
C3—C2—H2 | 119.8 | O2vi—K1—H15 | 108.6 (5) |
O2v—K1—O2vi | 108.77 (4) | O1vi—K1—H15 | 160.1 (4) |
O2v—K1—O1vi | 74.36 (3) | O3ii—K1—H15 | 111.9 (5) |
O2vi—K1—O1vi | 63.57 (3) | O3vii—K1—H15 | 85.0 (4) |
O2v—K1—O3ii | 85.61 (4) | O3—K1—H15 | 17.2 (5) |
O2vi—K1—O3ii | 136.21 (3) | O1—K1—H15 | 38.0 (5) |
O1vi—K1—O3ii | 82.37 (3) | C13vi—K1—H15 | 108.3 (5) |
O2v—K1—O3vii | 165.93 (3) | C10vi—K1—H15 | 139.2 (4) |
O2vi—K1—O3vii | 85.10 (3) | C11—K1—H15 | 55.1 (4) |
O1vi—K1—O3vii | 111.33 (3) | C10—K1—H15 | 49.8 (5) |
O3ii—K1—O3vii | 82.54 (3) | K1vi—K1—H15 | 127.9 (5) |
O2v—K1—O3 | 85.95 (3) | H11—K1—H15 | 51.1 (5) |
O2vi—K1—O3 | 125.89 (3) | ||
K1i—O1—C10—C11 | −130.61 (11) | C13—C9—C8—C7 | 175.89 (13) |
K1—O1—C10—C11 | −45.02 (13) | C9—C8—C7—C12 | 0.2 (2) |
K1i—O1—C10—C9 | 48.75 (14) | C9—C8—C7—C6 | −178.19 (13) |
K1—O1—C10—C9 | 134.34 (11) | C11—C12—C7—C8 | 0.4 (2) |
K1—O1—C10—K1i | 85.59 (5) | C11—C12—C7—C6 | 178.84 (13) |
K1i—O1—C10—K1 | −85.59 (5) | K1iv—O2—C13—C9 | −161.18 (10) |
C7—C12—C11—C10 | −0.3 (2) | K1i—O2—C13—C9 | −52.27 (16) |
C7—C12—C11—K1 | 112.39 (15) | K1iv—O2—C13—K1i | −108.92 (14) |
O1—C10—C11—C12 | 178.99 (12) | C8—C9—C13—O2 | −179.71 (13) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | −0.42 (19) | C10—C9—C13—O2 | −3.0 (2) |
K1i—C10—C11—C12 | 117.93 (14) | C8—C9—C13—K1i | 142.45 (11) |
K1—C10—C11—C12 | 142.10 (13) | C10—C9—C13—K1i | −40.80 (13) |
O1—C10—C11—K1 | 36.89 (11) | C8—C7—C6—C1 | −32.3 (2) |
C9—C10—C11—K1 | −142.53 (11) | C12—C7—C6—C1 | 149.29 (14) |
K1i—C10—C11—K1 | −24.17 (12) | C8—C7—C6—C5 | 147.29 (14) |
O1—C10—C9—C8 | −178.37 (12) | C12—C7—C6—C5 | −31.1 (2) |
C11—C10—C9—C8 | 1.02 (19) | C1—C6—C5—C4 | −0.5 (2) |
K1i—C10—C9—C8 | −143.79 (12) | C7—C6—C5—C4 | 179.81 (13) |
K1—C10—C9—C8 | −101.90 (16) | C5—C6—C1—C2 | −0.2 (2) |
O1—C10—C9—C13 | 5.0 (2) | C7—C6—C1—C2 | 179.40 (13) |
C11—C10—C9—C13 | −175.58 (13) | C6—C5—C4—C3 | 0.8 (2) |
K1i—C10—C9—C13 | 39.61 (13) | C5—C4—C3—C2 | −0.3 (2) |
K1—C10—C9—C13 | 81.51 (19) | C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.7 (2) |
C10—C9—C8—C7 | −1.0 (2) | C4—C3—C2—C1 | −0.4 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (iii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+3/2; (iv) x, y, z−1; (v) x, y, z+1; (vi) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (vii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O3—H14···O1viii | 0.82 (3) | 1.96 (3) | 2.7751 (15) | 168 (2) |
O3—H15···O1 | 0.86 (2) | 1.87 (2) | 2.7136 (15) | 168 (2) |
Symmetry code: (viii) x, −y+3/2, z+1/2. |
References
Bruker (2012). APEX2 and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Bruker (2014). SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Farrugia, L. J. (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 849–854. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Hall, E. A., Sarkar, M. R. & Bell, S. G. (2017). Catal. Sci. Technol. 7, 1537–1548. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Jiratthiya, T., ChunMei, L., Suzuki, A., Watanabe, G. & Taya, K. (2015). J. Reprod. Dev. 61, 134–137. PubMed Google Scholar
Kikushima, K. & Nishina, Y. (2013). RSC Adv. 3, 20150–20156. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Miyaura, N. & Suzuki, A. (1979). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. pp. 866–867. CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Morris, G. A. & Nguyen, S. T. (2001). Tetrahedron Lett. 42, 2093–2096. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Yuan, X., Kim, E. G., Sanders, C. A., Richter, B. E., Cunningham, M. F., Jessopa, P. G. & Oleschuk, R. D. (2017). Green Chem. 19, 1757–1765. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.