catena-Poly[[[bis­(quinoxaline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2N1,O)zinc(II)]-μ2-1,2-bis­(pyridin-4-yl)ethene-κ2N:N′] hemihydrate]

Shehadeh, R.I.; Hester, M.F.; Cernero, O.A.; Neal, H.C.; Smucker, B.W.

doi:10.1107/S2414314625007527

metal-organic compounds

IUCrDATA

ISSN: 2414-3146

Volume 10| Part 9| September 2025| x250752

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625007527

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catena-Poly[[[bis(quinoxaline-2-carboxylato-κ²N¹,O)zinc(II)]-μ₂-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene-κ²N:N′] hemihydrate]

Rund I. Shehadeh,^a Mason F. Hester,^a Oliver A. Cernero,^a Henry C. Neal ^a and Bradley W. Smucker ^a ^*

^a900 N Grand Avenue, Suite 61651, Sherman, TX 75090, USA
^*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by S. Bernès, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México (Received 22 July 2025; accepted 21 August 2025; online 5 September 2025)

The title complex, {[Zn(C₉H₅N₂O₂)₂(C₁₂H₁₀N₂)]·0.5H₂O}_n, has six-coordinate Zn^II ions with two trans-bidentate quinoxaline-2-carboxylato ligands and a bridging 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene ligand, resulting in polymeric chains along the [101] direction. The offset packing of these one-dimensional chains gives rise to inter-chain H⋯O and H⋯ring interactions.

Keywords: crystal structure; zinc(II); polymeric chains; quinoxaline.

CCDC reference: 2481934

Structure description

The single repeating unit of the polymeric title complex has a six-coordinated zinc(II) ion lying on an inversion centre, with two trans-bidentate quinoxaline-2-carboxylate ligands and a 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene ligand bridging each zinc centre (Fig. 1). The resulting polymeric chains propagate along the [10 $[\overline{1}]$ ] direction, with each one-dimensional chain offset from another by a half of the 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene (Fig. 2). The Zn⋯Zn distances within each polymer is 13.7278 (5) Å and between offset polymers is 9.1330 (3) Å, which corresponds to the c dimension of the unit cell. This staggered packing gives rise to inter-chain close proximity of H15(x, y, z − 1) and O2, 2.406 (3) Å. Additionally, the H5(1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z) on the quinoxaline is positioned near the π system of the pyridyl ring with the H5⋯centroid[(N3/C10⋯C14)(x, $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, − $[{1\over 2}]$ + z)] distance of 2.795 Å (Fig. 2), which is similar to the range of H⋯centroid distances, 2.73–3.03 Å, observed in the sandwich packing of water between two C₆ rings (Dong et al., 2016 ). The H atoms of the lattice water molecule are situated so as to hydrogen bond with O2 (Table 1, Fig. 2).

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C2—H2⋯O1ⁱ	0.93 (1)	2.41 (1)	3.250 (3)	151 (1)
C15—H15⋯O2ⁱⁱ	0.93 (1)	2.41 (1)	3.307 (3)	163 (1)
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) .

Figure 1
Displacement ellipsoid plot (50% probability) of a single repeating unit of the title compound with the distance between atom O2 and the H3a of the interstitial water molecule shown.

Figure 2
Partial packing of the title complex using capped or ball-and-stick models with the intermolecular H⋯O distances between O2 and atoms H3a, H3b and H15(x, y, z − 1), as well as the H⋯centroid distance between H5(−x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1) and the centroid of the pyridyl ring N3/C10⋯C14(x, −y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ).

This N,O-bidentate quinoxaline-2-carboxylatate ligand, qlc, has also been employed with copper(II) to form molecular [Cu(qlc)₂(H₂O)₂] (Feng et al., 2007 ). Another derivative of the qlc ligand is 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylate, hqxc. As an equatorial bidentate ligand with zinc(II), hqxc has been used to generate molecular complexes with trans pyridine or DMSO ligands (Sakai et al., 2010 ), or to form a polymeric complex using bridging trans 4,4-bipyridine (Xiao et al., 2013 ), which forms similar offset polymer chains as the title compound.

Synthesis and crystallization

A DMF solution of 7 mg of ZnCl₂ and 17 mg of 2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid was heated at 393 K for 1 d. After cooling, 7 mg of 1,10-methylenebis{4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl]pyridinium} bis(hexafluorophosphate) (Blanco et al., 2009 ) was added and the solution heated for a few days, then left to air cool in an oven for seven months. Dichroic brown/blue crystals of the title compound were harvested from the solution. Thermal decomposition of the pyridinium salt to trans-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene likely occurred. Water of crystallization likely originated from prolonged air exposure.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection, and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2. The lattice water molecule was refined with a site occupancy factor fixed to 1/4, in such a way that the monomeric formula for the Zn^II complex is hemi-hydrated, since the Zn^II ion is placed on an inversion centre.

Table 2
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	[Zn(C₉H₅N₂O₂)₂(C₁₂H₁₀N₂)]·0.5H₂O
M_r	602.90
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c
Temperature (K)	293
a, b, c (Å)	8.9506 (3), 17.1862 (6), 9.1330 (3)
β (°)	98.770 (3)
V (Å³)	1388.47 (8)
Z	2
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.93
Crystal size (mm)	0.51 × 0.28 × 0.26

Data collection
Diffractometer	XtaLAB Mini II
Absorption correction	Analytical (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2024 )
T_min, T_max	0.626, 0.758
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	20662, 4146, 2813
R_int	0.039
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.716

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.042, 0.099, 1.00
No. of reflections	4146
No. of parameters	199
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.44, −0.44
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2024), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015 ), OLEX2.refine (Bourhis et al., 2015 ), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020 ), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ).

Structural data

CCDC reference: 2481934

Crystal structure: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625007527/bh4099sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314625007527/bh4099Isup2.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

catena-Poly[[[bis(quinoxaline-2-carboxylato-κ²N¹,O)zinc(II)]-µ₂-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene-κ²N:N'] hemihydrate] top

Crystal data top

[Zn(C₉H₅N₂O₂)₂(C₁₂H₁₀N₂)]·0.5H₂O	F(000) = 619.085
M_r = 602.90	D_x = 1.442 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 8.9506 (3) Å	Cell parameters from 5554 reflections
b = 17.1862 (6) Å	θ = 2.3–24.6°
c = 9.1330 (3) Å	µ = 0.93 mm⁻¹
β = 98.770 (3)°	T = 293 K
V = 1388.47 (8) Å³	Prism, light yellow
Z = 2	0.51 × 0.28 × 0.26 mm

Data collection top

XtaLAB Mini II diffractometer	4146 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed X-ray tube, Rigaku (Mo) X-ray Source	2813 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.039
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 30.6°, θ_min = 2.4°
ω scans	h = −12→12
Absorption correction: analytical (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2024)	k = −24→24
T_min = 0.626, T_max = 0.758	l = −12→12
20662 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	23 constraints
Least-squares matrix: full	Primary atom site location: dual
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.042	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F²) = 0.099	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0401P)² + 0.5115P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.00	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.0004
4146 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.44 e Å⁻³
199 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.44 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq	Occ. (<1)
Zn1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.02940 (10)
O1	0.33184 (15)	0.54080 (8)	0.34057 (15)	0.0357 (3)
N1	0.54028 (17)	0.62863 (9)	0.51597 (17)	0.0309 (4)
N3	0.34623 (18)	0.51175 (9)	0.66291 (17)	0.0323 (4)
C12	0.1566 (2)	0.51820 (11)	0.8812 (2)	0.0306 (4)
C13	0.1040 (2)	0.49021 (11)	0.7382 (2)	0.0334 (4)
H13	0.0049 (2)	0.47303 (11)	0.7134 (2)	0.0401 (5)*
O2	0.2120 (2)	0.64790 (10)	0.2512 (2)	0.0799 (7)
C11	0.3046 (2)	0.54536 (13)	0.9078 (2)	0.0401 (5)
H11	0.3429 (2)	0.56663 (13)	0.9995 (2)	0.0481 (6)*
C15	0.0653 (2)	0.51873 (12)	1.0016 (2)	0.0350 (5)
H15	0.1013 (2)	0.54724 (12)	1.0862 (2)	0.0420 (5)*
C1	0.6463 (2)	0.67477 (11)	0.6011 (2)	0.0353 (4)
C14	0.2015 (2)	0.48856 (11)	0.6352 (2)	0.0341 (4)
H14	0.1648 (2)	0.47029 (11)	0.5407 (2)	0.0410 (5)*
C8	0.4346 (2)	0.66382 (12)	0.4235 (2)	0.0376 (5)
C9	0.3153 (2)	0.61372 (13)	0.3298 (2)	0.0409 (5)
C10	0.3948 (2)	0.54077 (13)	0.7980 (2)	0.0402 (5)
H10	0.4939 (2)	0.55865 (13)	0.8188 (2)	0.0483 (6)*
C2	0.7619 (3)	0.64133 (13)	0.7037 (3)	0.0444 (5)
H2	0.7673 (3)	0.58763 (13)	0.7158 (3)	0.0533 (6)*
N2	0.5273 (3)	0.79219 (12)	0.4877 (3)	0.0666 (7)
C3	0.8666 (3)	0.68857 (15)	0.7855 (3)	0.0637 (8)
H3	0.9435 (3)	0.66659 (15)	0.8527 (3)	0.0765 (9)*
C6	0.6378 (3)	0.75669 (13)	0.5851 (3)	0.0492 (6)
C7	0.4294 (3)	0.74598 (13)	0.4103 (3)	0.0586 (7)
H7	0.3525 (3)	0.76813 (13)	0.3432 (3)	0.0703 (8)*
C5	0.7479 (3)	0.80324 (15)	0.6718 (3)	0.0733 (9)
H5	0.7441 (3)	0.85710 (15)	0.6621 (3)	0.0879 (10)*
C4	0.8589 (3)	0.76983 (16)	0.7688 (4)	0.0799 (10)
H4	0.9308 (3)	0.80101 (16)	0.8251 (4)	0.0959 (12)*
O3	0.1505 (13)	0.7936 (6)	0.0902 (12)	0.102 (3)	0.250000
H3a	0.133 (19)	0.749 (4)	0.050 (16)	0.153 (5)*	0.250000
H3b	0.220 (15)	0.789 (8)	0.165 (13)	0.153 (5)*	0.250000

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Zn1	0.03042 (16)	0.02834 (16)	0.03095 (16)	−0.00198 (14)	0.00956 (11)	−0.00164 (14)
O1	0.0373 (8)	0.0316 (7)	0.0370 (7)	−0.0035 (6)	0.0021 (6)	−0.0036 (6)
N1	0.0315 (8)	0.0273 (8)	0.0349 (9)	−0.0034 (6)	0.0083 (7)	−0.0033 (7)
N3	0.0323 (8)	0.0356 (10)	0.0309 (8)	−0.0017 (7)	0.0106 (6)	−0.0014 (7)
C12	0.0315 (10)	0.0310 (10)	0.0308 (9)	0.0002 (7)	0.0100 (7)	−0.0001 (7)
C13	0.0262 (9)	0.0429 (12)	0.0317 (9)	−0.0037 (8)	0.0063 (7)	−0.0007 (8)
O2	0.0717 (13)	0.0456 (11)	0.1053 (16)	0.0108 (9)	−0.0416 (12)	−0.0095 (10)
C11	0.0398 (11)	0.0504 (13)	0.0321 (10)	−0.0111 (10)	0.0116 (9)	−0.0111 (9)
C15	0.0346 (10)	0.0440 (12)	0.0281 (9)	−0.0023 (8)	0.0101 (8)	−0.0050 (8)
C1	0.0343 (11)	0.0293 (10)	0.0429 (11)	−0.0041 (8)	0.0077 (9)	−0.0041 (9)
C14	0.0327 (10)	0.0431 (12)	0.0274 (9)	−0.0005 (8)	0.0070 (7)	−0.0022 (8)
C8	0.0381 (11)	0.0295 (10)	0.0447 (12)	−0.0009 (9)	0.0047 (9)	−0.0034 (9)
C9	0.0379 (11)	0.0380 (12)	0.0453 (12)	0.0024 (9)	0.0011 (9)	−0.0045 (10)
C10	0.0329 (11)	0.0492 (13)	0.0409 (11)	−0.0120 (9)	0.0132 (9)	−0.0108 (10)
C2	0.0437 (12)	0.0336 (11)	0.0540 (13)	−0.0013 (9)	0.0012 (10)	−0.0045 (10)
N2	0.0731 (16)	0.0277 (10)	0.0897 (17)	−0.0030 (10)	−0.0167 (13)	0.0007 (10)
C3	0.0544 (16)	0.0477 (15)	0.0794 (19)	−0.0050 (12)	−0.0208 (14)	−0.0080 (13)
C6	0.0514 (14)	0.0305 (11)	0.0625 (16)	−0.0078 (10)	−0.0014 (12)	−0.0040 (11)
C7	0.0626 (17)	0.0319 (12)	0.0735 (18)	0.0016 (11)	−0.0144 (13)	0.0031 (12)
C5	0.0778 (19)	0.0340 (13)	0.099 (2)	−0.0169 (13)	−0.0166 (17)	−0.0072 (14)
C4	0.071 (2)	0.0485 (16)	0.107 (2)	−0.0198 (14)	−0.0284 (18)	−0.0109 (16)
O3	0.108 (9)	0.108 (8)	0.094 (8)	0.005 (6)	0.026 (6)	0.035 (6)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Zn1—O1	2.0515 (13)	C15—H15	0.9300
Zn1—O1ⁱ	2.0515 (13)	C1—C2	1.408 (3)
Zn1—N1ⁱ	2.2411 (16)	C1—C6	1.416 (3)
Zn1—N1	2.2411 (16)	C14—H14	0.9300
Zn1—N3	2.1848 (15)	C8—C9	1.528 (3)
Zn1—N3ⁱ	2.1848 (15)	C8—C7	1.417 (3)
O1—C9	1.264 (2)	C10—H10	0.9300
N1—C1	1.382 (2)	C2—H2	0.9300
N1—C8	1.315 (3)	C2—C3	1.372 (3)
N3—C14	1.342 (2)	N2—C6	1.368 (3)
N3—C10	1.340 (2)	N2—C7	1.308 (3)
C12—C13	1.404 (3)	C3—H3	0.9300
C12—C11	1.390 (3)	C3—C4	1.405 (4)
C12—C15	1.467 (3)	C6—C5	1.414 (3)
C13—H13	0.9300	C7—H7	0.9300
C13—C14	1.378 (3)	C5—H5	0.9300
O2—C9	1.230 (3)	C5—C4	1.354 (4)
C11—H11	0.9300	C4—H4	0.9300
C11—C10	1.382 (3)	O3—H3a	0.8500
C15—C15ⁱⁱ	1.331 (4)	O3—H3b	0.8501

O1ⁱ—Zn1—O1	180.0	C6—C1—N1	119.38 (19)
N1—Zn1—O1	78.60 (6)	C6—C1—C2	119.80 (19)
N1—Zn1—O1ⁱ	101.40 (6)	C13—C14—N3	123.96 (17)
N1ⁱ—Zn1—O1	101.40 (6)	H14—C14—N3	118.02 (10)
N1ⁱ—Zn1—O1ⁱ	78.60 (6)	H14—C14—C13	118.02 (11)
N1ⁱ—Zn1—N1	180.0	C9—C8—N1	118.25 (17)
N3ⁱ—Zn1—O1	91.06 (6)	C7—C8—N1	121.59 (19)
N3ⁱ—Zn1—O1ⁱ	88.94 (6)	C7—C8—C9	120.16 (19)
N3—Zn1—O1	88.94 (6)	O2—C9—O1	126.0 (2)
N3—Zn1—O1ⁱ	91.06 (6)	C8—C9—O1	116.82 (18)
N3—Zn1—N1	88.64 (5)	C8—C9—O2	117.2 (2)
N3—Zn1—N1ⁱ	91.36 (5)	C11—C10—N3	123.03 (19)
N3ⁱ—Zn1—N1	91.36 (5)	H10—C10—N3	118.48 (11)
N3ⁱ—Zn1—N1ⁱ	88.64 (5)	H10—C10—C11	118.48 (12)
N3ⁱ—Zn1—N3	180.0	H2—C2—C1	120.25 (12)
C9—O1—Zn1	117.32 (13)	C3—C2—C1	119.5 (2)
C1—N1—Zn1	133.84 (13)	C3—C2—H2	120.25 (15)
C8—N1—Zn1	108.60 (12)	C7—N2—C6	116.0 (2)
C8—N1—C1	117.55 (17)	H3—C3—C2	119.63 (15)
C14—N3—Zn1	122.29 (12)	C4—C3—C2	120.7 (2)
C10—N3—Zn1	120.76 (13)	C4—C3—H3	119.63 (15)
C10—N3—C14	116.93 (16)	N2—C6—C1	122.2 (2)
C11—C12—C13	116.91 (17)	C5—C6—C1	118.8 (2)
C15—C12—C13	123.61 (17)	C5—C6—N2	119.0 (2)
C15—C12—C11	119.48 (17)	N2—C7—C8	123.2 (2)
H13—C13—C12	120.49 (11)	H7—C7—C8	118.38 (13)
C14—C13—C12	119.01 (17)	H7—C7—N2	118.38 (14)
C14—C13—H13	120.49 (11)	H5—C5—C6	119.81 (15)
H11—C11—C12	119.97 (11)	C4—C5—C6	120.4 (2)
C10—C11—C12	120.07 (18)	C4—C5—H5	119.81 (15)
C10—C11—H11	119.97 (12)	C5—C4—C3	120.8 (2)
C15ⁱⁱ—C15—C12	124.6 (2)	H4—C4—C3	119.62 (15)
H15—C15—C12	117.69 (11)	H4—C4—C5	119.62 (15)
C2—C1—N1	120.82 (18)	H3b—O3—H3a	109.5

Zn1—O1—C9—O2	−172.45 (18)	C11—C12—C13—C14	2.2 (2)
Zn1—O1—C9—C8	7.37 (14)	C11—C12—C15—C15ⁱⁱ	−166.6 (2)
Zn1—N1—C1—C2	0.96 (19)	C11—C10—N3—C14	1.9 (3)
Zn1—N1—C1—C6	−178.84 (19)	C15—C12—C13—C14	−176.65 (19)
Zn1—N1—C8—C9	−0.49 (14)	C15—C12—C11—C10	176.0 (2)
Zn1—N1—C8—C7	179.21 (16)	C1—N1—C8—C9	−179.27 (18)
Zn1—N3—C14—C13	175.49 (14)	C1—N1—C8—C7	0.4 (2)
Zn1—N3—C10—C11	−176.25 (16)	C1—C2—C3—C4	0.5 (3)
O1—C9—C8—N1	−4.4 (2)	C1—C6—N2—C7	0.1 (3)
O1—C9—C8—C7	175.9 (2)	C1—C6—C5—C4	−0.3 (3)
N1—C1—C2—C3	179.3 (2)	C8—N1—C1—C2	179.35 (19)
N1—C1—C6—N2	0.2 (2)	C8—N1—C1—C6	−0.5 (2)
N1—C1—C6—C5	−179.3 (2)	C8—C7—N2—C6	−0.1 (3)
N1—C8—C9—O2	175.4 (2)	C9—C8—C7—N2	179.6 (2)
N1—C8—C7—N2	−0.1 (3)	C2—C1—C6—N2	−179.6 (2)
N3—C14—C13—C12	0.5 (2)	C2—C1—C6—C5	0.8 (3)
N3—C10—C11—C12	0.9 (3)	C2—C3—C4—C5	0.1 (4)
C12—C15—C15ⁱⁱ—C12ⁱⁱ	180.0 (3)	N2—C6—C5—C4	−179.9 (3)
C13—C12—C11—C10	−2.9 (2)	C3—C2—C1—C6	−0.9 (3)
C13—C12—C15—C15ⁱⁱ	12.3 (2)	C3—C4—C5—C6	−0.1 (4)
C13—C14—N3—C10	−2.6 (2)	C7—N2—C6—C5	179.6 (3)
O2—C9—C8—C7	−4.3 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z+2.

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C2—H2···O1ⁱ	0.93 (1)	2.40 (1)	3.250 (3)	151 (1)
C15—H15···O2ⁱⁱⁱ	0.93 (1)	2.41 (1)	3.307 (3)	163 (1)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (iii) x, y, z+1.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: Welch Foundation (grant No. AD-0007 to the Austin College Chemistry Department); Jerry Taylor and Nancy Bryant Foundation (gift to the Austin College Science Division).

References

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