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Journal logoIUCrDATA
ISSN: 2414-3146

N-(4-Amino-1,2,5-oxa­diazol-3-yl)formamide

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aKosygin State University of Russia, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation, bN. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation, cHacettepe University, Department of Physics, 06800 Beytepe-Ankara, Türkiye, dAzerbaijan State Pedagogical University, 68 Uzeyir Hajibeyov St., AZ 1000, Baku, Azerbaijan, eAzerbaijan Medical University, Scientific Research Centre (SRC), A. Kasumzade St. 14, AZ1022 Baku, Azerbaijan, and fChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by M. Weil, Vienna University of Technology, Austria (Received 25 June 2025; accepted 13 August 2025; online 15 August 2025)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C3H4N4O2, contains two coplanar mol­ecules (A and B) completely located on mirror planes. In the crystal, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into sheets parallel to (010). There are neither significant ππ nor C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packings of mol­ecules A and B are from H⋯O/O⋯H (32.4% for A, 30.1% for B), H⋯N/N⋯H (28.2%, 31.5%) and H⋯H (12.3%, 8.0%) inter­actions.

3D view (loading...)
[Scheme 3D1]
Chemical scheme
[Scheme 1]

Structure description

Oxa­diazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound with one oxygen and two nitro­gen atoms. The oxa­diazole scaffold is a commonly utilized pharmacophore and has been subjected to extensive studies in recent years because of its metabolic profile and ability to engage in hydrogen-bonding with receptor sites (Khan et al., 2017View full citation; Khalilov, 2021View full citation). Oxa­diazole derivatives have also attracted significant attention because of their reactivity (Guseinov et al., 2024View full citation), diverse functional (Aliyeva et al., 2024View full citation) and pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti­bacterial, anti­hypertension, muscle relaxing and anti­cancer activities (Boström et al., 2012View full citation). Moreover, derivatization of the oxa­diazole synthon with non-covalent donor or acceptor sites for hydrogen-bonding inter­actions can be applied as a synthetic strategy in the improvement of functional properties of its metal complexes (Mahmudov et al., 2022View full citation). Herein, we report synthesis, mol­ecular and crystal structures together with Hirshfeld surface analysis of a new aldehyde and NH-functionalized oxa­diazole derivative, C3H4N4O2.

The asymmetric unit contains two mol­ecules (A and B, Fig. 1[link]) completely located on mirror planes, making the mol­ecules exactly planar. Small variations are observed in the C8A—N7A—C3A [125.88 (14)°] and C8B—N7B—C3B [125.04 (14)°], N2A—C3A—N7A [125.07 (14)°] and N2B—C3B—N7B [125.41 (14)°], N7A—C3A—C4A [124.71 (14)°] and N7B—C3B—C4B [124.10 (14)°], N5A—C4A—N6A [124.68 (15)°] and N5B—C4B—N6B [125.28 (15)°], N6A—C4A—C3A [127.25 (15)°] and N6B—C4B—C3B [126.16 (15)°], O9A—C8A—N7A [125.23 (15)°] and O9B—C8B—N7B [123.42 (15)°] bond angles due to the strengths of the N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions (Fig. 2[link],Table 1[link]). Next to these classical hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, weaker C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions are also present (Table 1[link]), linking the mol­ecules into sheets extending parallel to (010). There are neither significant ππ nor C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions present between mol­ecules.

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N6A—H6A⋯O9Ai 0.88 (3) 2.05 (3) 2.9207 (19) 172 (2)
N6A—H6B⋯O9Bii 0.83 (3) 2.26 (3) 3.074 (2) 164 (2)
N7A—H7A⋯O9Biii 0.87 (3) 1.93 (3) 2.8033 (18) 177 (2)
N7A—H7A⋯O9Bii 0.87 (3) 1.93 (3) 2.8033 (18) 177 (2)
N6B—H6C⋯N5Aiv 0.88 (2) 2.31 (2) 3.189 (2) 175 (2)
N6B—H6D⋯O9Av 0.85 (3) 2.31 (3) 2.8121 (19) 118 (2)
N6B—H6D⋯N2Av 0.85 (3) 2.20 (3) 3.0387 (19) 166 (3)
N7B—H7B⋯O1Aiv 0.91 (3) 2.24 (3) 3.0354 (17) 145 (2)
N7B—H7B⋯N5Aiv 0.91 (3) 2.32 (3) 3.2302 (19) 179 (2)
C8A—H8A⋯O1Bvi 0.95 2.32 3.266 (2) 175
C8B—H8B⋯N5Bvii 0.95 2.55 3.489 (2) 170
Symmetry codes: (i) Mathematical equation; (ii) Mathematical equation; (iii) Mathematical equation; (iv) Mathematical equation; (v) Mathematical equation; (vi) Mathematical equation; (vii) Mathematical equation.
[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The asymmetric unit of the title compound with the atom-numbering scheme and 50% probability ellipsoids.
[Figure 2]
Figure 2
Partial packing diagram of the title compound, highlighting the layered arrangement. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.

A Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis was carried out using CrystalExplorer (Spackman et al., 2021View full citation) to visualize and qu­antify the inter­molecular inter­actions. In the HSs plotted over dnorm (Fig. 3[link]a,b), the contact distances equal, shorter and longer with respect to the sum of van der Waals radii are shown by white, red and blue colours, respectively. According to the two-dimensional fingerprint plots, H⋯O/O⋯H, H⋯N/N⋯H and H⋯H contacts make the most important contributions to the HSs (Table 2[link], Figs. 4[link] and 5[link]), and they have significant differences due to the different numbers and values of the close contacts.

Table 2
Comparison of the percentage contributions to the crystal packing for mol­ecules A and B

Contacts A B
H⋯O/O⋯H 32.4 30.1
H⋯N/N⋯H 28.2 31.5
H⋯H 12.3 8.0
H⋯C/C⋯H 7.2 6.9
N⋯O/O⋯N 5.3 4.3
O⋯O 4.6 1.5
C⋯O/O⋯C 3.9 7.2
C⋯N/N⋯C 3.3 5.6
N⋯N 2.9 5.0
[Figure 3]
Figure 3
Views of the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surfaces for (a) mol­ecule A and (b) mol­ecule B plotted over dnorm.
[Figure 4]
Figure 4
The full two-dimensional fingerprint plots for mol­ecule A, showing (a) all inter­actions, and delineated into (b) H⋯O/O⋯H, (c) H⋯N/N⋯H, (d) H⋯H, (e) H⋯C/C⋯H, (f) N⋯O/O⋯N, (g) O⋯O, (h) C⋯O/O⋯C, (i) C⋯N/N⋯C and (j) N⋯N inter­actions. The di and de values are the closest inter­nal and external distances (in Å) from given points on the Hirshfeld surface contacts.
[Figure 5]
Figure 5
The full two-dimensional fingerprint plots for mol­ecule B; subdivisions are the same as in Fig. 4[link].

Synthesis and crystallization

A mixture of di­amino­furazan (20 mg, 0.2 mmol) and 2,2-di­chloro-3-oxo-3-phenyl­propanal (42.4 mg, 0.2 mmol) in 15 ml of CCl4 (dry) was boiled for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, the precipitate filtered and recrystallized from chloro­form solution. Yield 15.4 mg (62%), 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): 10.40 (1H, NH), 8.75 (1H, CHO), 6.11 (2H, NH2). 13C NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6): 143.89, 147.78, 165.90.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3[link].

Table 3
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula C3H4N4O2
Mr 128.10
Crystal system, space group Monoclinic, P121/m1
Temperature (K) 100
a, b, c (Å) 7.98085 (8), 6.17409 (7), 10.19204 (9)
β (°) 95.2595 (9)
V3) 500.09 (1)
Z 4
Radiation type Cu Kα
μ (mm−1) 1.26
Crystal size (mm) 0.28 × 0.22 × 0.04
 
Data collection
Diffractometer XtaLAB Synergy, Dualflex, HyPix
Absorption correction Gaussian (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2023View full citation)
Tmin, Tmax 0.503, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 13311, 1182, 1153
Rint 0.031
(sin θ/λ)max−1) 0.638
 
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.035, 0.095, 1.06
No. of reflections 1182
No. of parameters 128
H-atom treatment H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 0.45, −0.26
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2023View full citation), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015aView full citation), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015bView full citation), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009View full citation) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010View full citation).

Structural data


Computing details top

N-(4-Amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)formamide top
Crystal data top
C3H4N4O2F(000) = 264
Mr = 128.10Dx = 1.701 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P121/m1Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å
a = 7.98085 (8) ÅCell parameters from 9316 reflections
b = 6.17409 (7) Åθ = 4.4–78.3°
c = 10.19204 (9) ŵ = 1.26 mm1
β = 95.2595 (9)°T = 100 K
V = 500.09 (1) Å3Prism, colorless
Z = 40.28 × 0.22 × 0.04 mm
Data collection top
XtaLAB Synergy, Dualflex, HyPix
diffractometer
1182 independent reflections
Radiation source: micro-focus sealed X-ray tube, PhotonJet (Cu) X-ray Source1153 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromatorRint = 0.031
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm-1θmax = 79.7°, θmin = 4.4°
ω scansh = 1010
Absorption correction: gaussian
(CrysAlisPro; Rigaku OD, 2023)
k = 77
Tmin = 0.503, Tmax = 1.000l = 1212
13311 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.095 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0568P)2 + 0.2125P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
1182 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.45 e Å3
128 parametersΔρmin = 0.26 e Å3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXL-2018/3 (Sheldrick 2015b), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.0043 (10)
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. The NH hydrogen atomss were located in difference-Fourier maps and were refined isotropically.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O1A0.21691 (14)0.7500000.13259 (11)0.0213 (3)
O9A0.19240 (15)0.7500000.09542 (12)0.0223 (3)
N2A0.08834 (16)0.7500000.04954 (13)0.0183 (3)
N5A0.37506 (17)0.7500000.05892 (14)0.0212 (3)
N6A0.46198 (18)0.7500000.16804 (16)0.0309 (4)
H6A0.569 (4)0.7500000.154 (3)0.034 (6)*
H6B0.433 (3)0.7500000.245 (3)0.029 (6)*
N7A0.08165 (16)0.7500000.18320 (13)0.0181 (3)
H7A0.141 (3)0.7500000.259 (3)0.027 (6)*
C3A0.16276 (19)0.7500000.06877 (15)0.0163 (3)
C4A0.34342 (19)0.7500000.06452 (16)0.0191 (3)
C8A0.0871 (2)0.7500000.18991 (16)0.0205 (4)
H8A0.1264860.7500000.2750800.025*
O1B0.19712 (15)0.2500000.50920 (12)0.0247 (3)
O9B0.71609 (15)0.2500000.57695 (12)0.0226 (3)
N2B0.37256 (17)0.2500000.52444 (14)0.0230 (3)
N5B0.13570 (18)0.2500000.37538 (14)0.0213 (3)
N6B0.26997 (19)0.2500000.17935 (14)0.0259 (4)
H6C0.365 (3)0.2500000.141 (2)0.023 (5)*
H6D0.177 (4)0.2500000.130 (3)0.039 (7)*
N7B0.58111 (16)0.2500000.37086 (13)0.0187 (3)
H7B0.595 (3)0.2500000.283 (3)0.028 (6)*
C3B0.4166 (2)0.2500000.40507 (15)0.0176 (3)
C4B0.26997 (19)0.2500000.31096 (16)0.0170 (3)
C8B0.7209 (2)0.2500000.45783 (16)0.0201 (4)
H8B0.8278700.2500000.4239220.024*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O1A0.0133 (5)0.0377 (7)0.0134 (5)0.0000.0029 (4)0.000
O9A0.0136 (5)0.0363 (7)0.0165 (6)0.0000.0000 (4)0.000
N2A0.0123 (6)0.0303 (7)0.0130 (6)0.0000.0045 (5)0.000
N5A0.0117 (6)0.0342 (8)0.0178 (7)0.0000.0018 (5)0.000
N6A0.0101 (7)0.0663 (12)0.0164 (7)0.0000.0013 (5)0.000
N7A0.0109 (6)0.0326 (8)0.0106 (6)0.0000.0005 (5)0.000
C3A0.0107 (7)0.0246 (8)0.0136 (7)0.0000.0017 (5)0.000
C4A0.0117 (7)0.0286 (8)0.0170 (8)0.0000.0019 (6)0.000
C8A0.0159 (7)0.0315 (9)0.0145 (7)0.0000.0025 (6)0.000
O1B0.0137 (6)0.0467 (8)0.0141 (6)0.0000.0026 (4)0.000
O9B0.0177 (6)0.0349 (7)0.0143 (6)0.0000.0027 (4)0.000
N2B0.0126 (6)0.0404 (9)0.0159 (7)0.0000.0017 (5)0.000
N5B0.0150 (6)0.0361 (8)0.0127 (6)0.0000.0006 (5)0.000
N6B0.0116 (7)0.0540 (10)0.0117 (6)0.0000.0012 (5)0.000
N7B0.0113 (6)0.0338 (8)0.0109 (7)0.0000.0005 (5)0.000
C3B0.0136 (7)0.0257 (8)0.0133 (7)0.0000.0008 (6)0.000
C4B0.0128 (7)0.0238 (8)0.0142 (7)0.0000.0004 (5)0.000
C8B0.0137 (7)0.0294 (9)0.0169 (8)0.0000.0010 (6)0.000
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O1A—N2A1.3888 (16)O1B—N2B1.3945 (17)
O1A—N5A1.4082 (17)O1B—N5B1.4064 (17)
O9A—C8A1.219 (2)O9B—C8B1.218 (2)
N2A—C3A1.294 (2)N2B—C3B1.297 (2)
N5A—C4A1.306 (2)N5B—C4B1.307 (2)
N6A—H6A0.88 (3)N6B—H6C0.88 (2)
N6A—H6B0.83 (3)N6B—H6D0.85 (3)
N6A—C4A1.351 (2)N6B—C4B1.341 (2)
N7A—H7A0.87 (3)N7B—H7B0.91 (3)
N7A—C3A1.385 (2)N7B—C3B1.389 (2)
N7A—C8A1.355 (2)N7B—C8B1.360 (2)
C3A—C4A1.446 (2)C3B—C4B1.444 (2)
C8A—H8A0.9500C8B—H8B0.9500
O1A···N7Bi3.0352 (18)H6B···O9Bii2.26 (3)
O1B···C8Bii3.1671 (5)N2A···N6Bx3.039 (2)
O9A···N6Biii2.812 (2)N2B···C8Bv3.1849 (5)
O9A···N2A2.7947 (18)N6A···N7A3.054 (2)
N6A···O9Aiv2.9206 (19)N6B···N7B3.014 (2)
O9B···N7Av2.8032 (18)N2A···H6Diii2.20 (3)
O9B···N6Avi3.074 (2)H6B···N2Bii2.69 (3)
O9B···N2B2.7448 (19)N5A···H7Bvii2.32 (3)
O1A···H7Bvii2.24 (3)N5A···H6Cvii2.31 (2)
O1B···H8Aviii2.3189H8B···N5Bxi2.55
H6D···O9Aix2.31 (3)N6B···H7B2.72 (3)
O9A···H6Ciii2.66 (2)C8A···H6Axii2.74 (3)
H6A···O9Aiv2.06 (3)H6B···H7A2.35 (3)
H6D···O9Aiii2.31 (3)H6C···H7B2.24 (4)
O9B···H7Avi1.94 (3)
N2A—O1A—N5A110.56 (11)N2B—O1B—N5B111.41 (11)
C3A—N2A—O1A105.44 (12)C3B—N2B—O1B104.56 (13)
C4A—N5A—O1A105.71 (12)C4B—N5B—O1B104.97 (13)
H6A—N6A—H6B120 (2)H6C—N6B—H6D118 (2)
C4A—N6A—H6A119.8 (17)C4B—N6B—H6C121.3 (15)
C4A—N6A—H6B119.8 (17)C4B—N6B—H6D120.5 (18)
C3A—N7A—H7A119.6 (16)C3B—N7B—H7B116.9 (15)
C8A—N7A—H7A114.5 (16)C8B—N7B—H7B118.0 (15)
C8A—N7A—C3A125.88 (14)C8B—N7B—C3B125.04 (14)
N2A—C3A—N7A125.07 (14)N2B—C3B—N7B125.41 (14)
N2A—C3A—C4A110.23 (13)N2B—C3B—C4B110.49 (14)
N7A—C3A—C4A124.71 (14)N7B—C3B—C4B124.10 (14)
N5A—C4A—N6A124.68 (15)N5B—C4B—N6B125.28 (15)
N5A—C4A—C3A108.07 (14)N5B—C4B—C3B108.56 (14)
N6A—C4A—C3A127.25 (15)N6B—C4B—C3B126.16 (15)
O9A—C8A—N7A125.23 (15)O9B—C8B—N7B123.42 (15)
O9A—C8A—H8A117.4O9B—C8B—H8B118.3
N7A—C8A—H8A117.4N7B—C8B—H8B118.3
O1A—N2A—C3A—N7A180.000 (1)O1B—N2B—C3B—N7B180.000 (1)
O1A—N2A—C3A—C4A0.0O1B—N2B—C3B—C4B0.000 (1)
O1A—N5A—C4A—N6A180.000 (1)O1B—N5B—C4B—N6B180.000 (1)
O1A—N5A—C4A—C3A0.0O1B—N5B—C4B—C3B0.000 (1)
N2A—O1A—N5A—C4A0.000 (1)N2B—O1B—N5B—C4B0.000 (1)
N2A—C3A—C4A—N5A0.0N2B—C3B—C4B—N5B0.000 (1)
N2A—C3A—C4A—N6A180.000 (1)N2B—C3B—C4B—N6B180.000 (1)
N5A—O1A—N2A—C3A0.000 (1)N5B—O1B—N2B—C3B0.000 (1)
N7A—C3A—C4A—N5A180.0N7B—C3B—C4B—N5B180.000 (1)
N7A—C3A—C4A—N6A0.000 (1)N7B—C3B—C4B—N6B0.000 (1)
C3A—N7A—C8A—O9A0.000 (1)C3B—N7B—C8B—O9B0.000 (1)
C8A—N7A—C3A—N2A0.000 (1)C8B—N7B—C3B—N2B0.000 (1)
C8A—N7A—C3A—C4A180.000 (1)C8B—N7B—C3B—C4B180.000 (1)
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y+1/2, z; (ii) x+1, y+1/2, z+1; (iii) x, y+1, z; (iv) x+1, y, z; (v) x+1, y1/2, z+1; (vi) x+1, y+1, z+1; (vii) x+1, y+1, z; (viii) x, y+1, z+1; (ix) x, y1/2, z; (x) x, y+1/2, z; (xi) x+1, y+1/2, z; (xii) x1, y, z.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N6A—H6A···O9Aiv0.88 (3)2.05 (3)2.9207 (19)172 (2)
N6A—H6B···O9Bvi0.83 (3)2.26 (3)3.074 (2)164 (2)
N7A—H7A···O9Bii0.87 (3)1.93 (3)2.8033 (18)177 (2)
N7A—H7A···O9Bvi0.87 (3)1.93 (3)2.8033 (18)177 (2)
N6B—H6C···N5Avii0.88 (2)2.31 (2)3.189 (2)175 (2)
N6B—H6D···O9Aiii0.85 (3)2.31 (3)2.8121 (19)118 (2)
N6B—H6D···N2Aiii0.85 (3)2.20 (3)3.0387 (19)166 (3)
N7B—H7B···O1Avii0.91 (3)2.24 (3)3.0354 (17)145 (2)
N7B—H7B···N5Avii0.91 (3)2.32 (3)3.2302 (19)179 (2)
C8A—H8A···O1Bviii0.952.323.266 (2)175
C8B—H8B···N5Bxi0.952.553.489 (2)170
Symmetry codes: (ii) x+1, y+1/2, z+1; (iii) x, y+1, z; (iv) x+1, y, z; (vi) x+1, y+1, z+1; (vii) x+1, y+1, z; (viii) x, y+1, z+1; (xi) x+1, y+1/2, z.
Comparison of the percentage contributions to the crystal packing for molecules A and B top
ContactsAB
H···O/O···H32.430.1
H···N/N···H28.231.5
H···H12.38.0
H···C/C···H7.26.9
N···O/O···N5.34.3
O···O4.61.5
C···O/O···C3.97.2
C···N/N···C3.35.6
N···N2.95.0
 

Acknowledgements

The crystal-structure determination was performed in the Department of Structural Studies of the Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow. This work has been supported by the Azerbaijan State Pedagological University and Azerbaijan Medical University. The author's contributions are as follows. Conceptualization, FIG and ANB; synthesis, EVS; X-ray analysis, AIS and TH; Hirshfeld surface analysis, TH; writing (review and editing of the manuscript), TH, NAE and KIH; funding acquisition, NAE and KIH; supervision, FIG, TH and ANB.

References

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