metal-organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoIUCrDATA
ISSN: 2414-3146

(η4-Tri­methyl­ene­methane)(1,1,1-tris­­{[bis­­(4-meth­­oxy­phen­yl)phosphan­yl]meth­yl}ethane)ruthenium(II) di­ethyl ether hemisolvate

crossmark logo

aLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, and bIstituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, tr. La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by W. T. A. Harrison, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (Received 9 May 2025; accepted 11 June 2025; online 17 June 2025)

The title compound, [Ru(C47H51O6P3)(C4H6)]·0.5C4H10O, consists of an RuII atom coordinated by 1,1,1-tris­{[bis­(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)phosphan­yl]meth­yl}ethane in κ3-coordination mode and an η4-coordinating tri­methyl­ene­methane ligand. The complex mol­ecule is co-crystallized with a diethyl ether solvent mol­ecule. A half diethyl ether mol­ecule was considered, whereas additional disordered solvent mol­ecules were removed from the diffraction data with the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON [Spek (2015[Spek, A. L. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18.]). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18].

3D view (loading...)
[Scheme 3D1]
Chemical scheme
[Scheme 1]

Structure description

Ruthenium complexes of the general formula [RuII(Ar-triphos)(TMM)] (Ar-triphos = 1,1,1-tris­(di(ar­yl)phosphino-meth­yl)ethane with aryl = e.g. phenyl, 4-methyl­phenyl, 3,5-di­methyl­phenyl; TMM = η4-tri­methyl­ene­methane) have been successfully applied as catalyst precursors in the hydrogenation of challenging substrates such as carb­oxy­lic esters, amides, carb­oxy­lic acids, carbonates and urea derivatives (vom Stein et al., 2014[vom Stein, T., Meuresch, M., Limper, D., Schmitz, M., Hölscher, M., Coetzee, J., Cole-Hamilton, D. J., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2014). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 13217-13225.]) as well as in the hydrogenation of CO2 (Wesselbaum et al., 2012[Wesselbaum, S., vom Stein, T., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2012). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 7499-7502.], 2015[Wesselbaum, S., Moha, V., Meuresch, M., Brosinski, S., Thenert, K. M., Kothe, J., Stein, T. V., Englert, U., Hölscher, M., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2015). Chem. Sci. 6, 693-704.]). The performance of the title compound, [RuII(p-anisyl-triphos)(TMM)], either as pre-formed complex or formed in situ, in these transformations is not reported (Maeda et al., 2010[Maeda, H., Inone, K., Matsumoto, T., Nagasaki, I., Noyori, R. & Saito, S. (2010). EP 2141142A1.]; the synthesis of the ligand p-anisyl-triphos is reported in the patent describing the ruthenium homogeneously catalysed hydrogenation of lactones and carb­oxy­lic acid esters in the liquid phase). On the other hand, as part of our inter­est in the design of efficient homogeneous catalytic processes based on non-noble metals, some of us have explored the application of cobalt complexes of Ar-triphos ligands, including p-anisyl-triphos, in the hydrogenation of CO2 (Scharnagl et al., 2019[Scharnagl, F. K., Hertrich, M. F., Neitzel, G., Jackstell, R. & Beller, M. (2019). Adv. Synth. Catal. 361, 374-379.]) and carbonates (Ferretti et al., 2019[Ferretti, F., Scharnagl, F. K., Dall'Anese, A., Jackstell, R., Dastgir, S. & Beller, M. (2019). Catal. Sci. Technol. 9, 3548-3553.]) to methanol as well as in the reductive alkyl­ation of anilines with carb­oxy­lic acids (Liu et al., 2018[Liu, W., Sahoo, B., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2018). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 11673-11677.]) and the de­oxy­genative hydrogenation of amides to amines (Papa et al., 2020[Papa, V., Cabrero-Antonino, J. R., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2020). Catal. Sci. Technol. 10, 6125-6137.]). Xu, Wang, Shi and coworkers have used Co/Ar-triphos complexes as catalysts for the transformation of levulinic acid and amines into pyrrolidines and pyrrolidinones using hydrogen (Pan et al., 2022[Pan, Y., Luo, Z., Yang, J., Han, J., Yang, J., Yao, Z., Xu, L., Wang, P. & Shi, Q. (2022). Adv. Synth. Catal. 364, 2830-2836.]). In the latter three synthetic applications (Liu et al., 2018[Liu, W., Sahoo, B., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2018). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 11673-11677.]; Papa et al., 2020[Papa, V., Cabrero-Antonino, J. R., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2020). Catal. Sci. Technol. 10, 6125-6137.]; Pan et al., 2022[Pan, Y., Luo, Z., Yang, J., Han, J., Yang, J., Yao, Z., Xu, L., Wang, P. & Shi, Q. (2022). Adv. Synth. Catal. 364, 2830-2836.]), among those tested, the use of the p-anisyl-triphos ligand afforded the best results.

We therefore deemed it of inter­est to synthesize the title ruthenium complex to test it as a catalyst precursor. Structural analysis of the isolated complex provided further insights into its coordination chemistry. In the crystal, the three phospho­rus atoms of the neutral C47H51O6P3 ligand coordinate to ruthenium generating a facially capped κ3 complex. The metal coordination sphere is completed by an η4-tri­methyl­ene­methane C4H62– dianion acting as a 6 e donor (Fig. 1[link]). The title complex exhibits clear asymmetry in both the different Ru—P bond lengths and the corresponding P—Ru—P angles. Whilst the Ru—P1 [2.2787 (6) Å] and Ru—P3 [2.2780 (6) Å] bond lengths are nearly identical, the Ru—P2 bond [2.2988 (5) Å] is significantly elongated. Some asymmetry was also observed in related RuII(Ar-triphos)(TMM) complexes: for Ar = Ph [2.2861 (15), 2.2842 (15), 2.2679 (15) Å (vom Stein et al., 2013[vom Stein, T., Weigand, T., Merkens, C., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2013). ChemCatChem 5, 439-441.]); 2.2893 (5), 2.2720 (5), 2.2885 (5) Å (Savourey et al., 2014[Savourey, S., Lefèvre, G., Berthet, J.-C., Thuéry, P., Genre, C. & Cantat, T. (2014). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 10466-10470.])]; Ar = 3,5-di­methyl­phenyl [2.2812 (8), 2.2907 (7), 2.2749 (8) Å (Meuresch et al., 2016[Meuresch, M., Westhues, S., Leitner, W. & Klankermayer, J. (2016). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 1392-1395.])]. Notably, another complex known in the literature with Ar = 4-methyl­phenyl has a highly symmetric structure: this complex crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3 with only one third of the mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit with Ru—P1 = 2.2757 (6) Å (Meuresch et al., 2016[Meuresch, M., Westhues, S., Leitner, W. & Klankermayer, J. (2016). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 1392-1395.]). The uneven coordination of the 4-meth­oxy-triphos ligand in the title complex is also evident in the bond angles about the metal atom: P1—Ru—P2 = 87.511 (19); P2—Ru—P3 = 87.931 (17); P3—Ru—P1 89.759 (17)°.

[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The mol­ecular structure of the title compound without the solvent. Displacement ellipsoids correspond to 50% probability. Hydrogen atoms except those attached to C2, C3 and C4 are omitted for clarity.

The TMM ligand adopts a pyramidal shape with a shorter bond length of the central carbon atom to ruthenium [Ru—C1 = 2.0674 (18) Å] than the terminal carbon atoms [Ru—C2 = 2.245 (2), Ru—C3 = 2.2249 (18), Ru—C4 = 2.263 (2) Å]. The three C—C bonds in the TMM unit are indistinguishable: 1.431 (3), 1.433 (3) and 1.435 (3) Å, which confirms the delocalization of the electrons within this ligand. This is also observed in the related [RuII(Ar-triphos)(TMM)] complexes mentioned above. In solution, at room temperature, the complex exhibits a higher degree of symmetry: in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum, a singlet at δ = 31.4 ppm is observed, indicating the spectroscopic equivalence of the three phospho­rus atoms, low field shifted compared to the free ligand, which resonates at δ = −30.4 ppm. For the TMM anion, a singlet is present in the 1H{31P} NMR spectrum at δ = 1.55 ppm for the six equivalent methyl­ene protons, while the corresponding three methyl­ene carbon atoms all resonate at 42.5 ppm in the 13C{1H,31P} NMR spectrum. The connecting quaternary carbon atom resonates at 107.0 ppm.

The title Ru complex is co-crystallized with diethyl ether solvent mol­ecules. A half diethyl ether mol­ecule per complex mol­ecule was considered, whereas the contribution of additional disordered solvent mol­ecules to the intensity data was removed from the diffraction data with the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON (Spek, 2015[Spek, A. L. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18.]).

Synthesis and crystallization

The synthesis and isolation of the title complex were performed under an inert atmosphere (argon) with exclusion of air. Toluene, n-pentane, diethyl ether and di­chloro­methane were supplied by a solvent purification system and stored over 3 Å mol­ecular sieves. Acetone, 99.8%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal™, was purchased from Thermo Scientific Chemicals. [Bis(2-methyl­all­yl)(1,5-cyclo­octa­diene)ruthenium(II)] was purchased from Strem and used as received. 1,1,1-Tris{[bis­(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)phosphan­yl]meth­yl}ethane, p-anisyl-triphos, was prepared following a published procedure (Wesselbaum et al., 2015[Wesselbaum, S., Moha, V., Meuresch, M., Brosinski, S., Thenert, K. M., Kothe, J., Stein, T. V., Englert, U., Hölscher, M., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2015). Chem. Sci. 6, 693-704.]).

1H NMR spectra were obtained at 300 MHz (Bruker AV-300), 13C{1H} NMR spectra were obtained at 75 MHz and 31P{1H} NMR spectra were obtained at 121 MHz. NMR chemical shifts are reported in ppm downfield from TMS and were referenced to the residual proton resonance and the natural abundance 13C resonance of the solvents. 31P NMR chemical shifts are reported in ppm downfield from H3PO4 and referenced to an external 85% solution of H3PO4.

To a clear colorless solution of p-anisyl-triphos (316 mg, 0.39 mmol, 1.1 eq.) in toluene (15 ml), [bis­(2-methyl­all­yl)(1,5-cyclo­octa­diene)ruthenium(II)] (226 mg, 0.36 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added in one portion. The resulting clear green solution was refluxed for 18 h (overnight). Upon heating the solution became dark. At the end of the specified reaction time, the solution was clear and dark red. It was concentrated in vacuo to about 5 ml and n-pentane was added to induce precipitation. The dark brownish solid was collected and further washed with acetone thus leaving a gray-greenish solid (140 mg, 40% yield). Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by diffusion of diethyl ether into a solution of the title compound in di­chloro­methane.

1H{31P}-NMR (300 MHz, [CD2Cl2]): δ (ppm) = 6.99 (d, JHH = 9 Hz, H5, 12H), 6.49 (d, JHH = 9 Hz, H6, 12H), 3.70 (s, H8, 18H), 2.14 (s, H3, 6H), 1.55 (s, H9, 6H), 1.34 (s, H1, 3H) (Fig. 2[link]). 31P {1H}-NMR (121 MHz, [CD2Cl2]): δ (ppm) = 31.4 (s). 13C {1H}-NMR (121 MHz, [CD2Cl2]): δ (ppm) = 159.5 (C7), 134.2 (C4), 133.9 (C5), 113.0 (C6), 106.8 (C10), 55.4 (C8), 42.5 (C9), 39.2 (C1), 38.5 (C2), 36.1 (C3) (see Fig. 2[link] for atom numbering).

[Figure 2]
Figure 2
Chemical formula of the title compound with numbering for assignment for the NMR spectra.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 1[link]. Atoms H2A, H2B, H3A, H3B, H4A and H4B could be found from the difference-Fourier map and were refined freely. SADI and DFIX commands in SHELXL were used to optimize the shape of the half occupied diethyl ether mol­ecule. Additionally, SIMU and EADP instructions were included to equalize the displacement parameters of the carbon atoms of the solvent (C53, C54 and C52, C55, respectively). For the final refinement, the contributions of further disordered solvent mol­ecules were removed from the diffraction data with the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON (Spek, 2015[Spek, A. L. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18.]). SQUEEZE estimated the electron counts in the void volume of 328 Å3 to be 83.

Table 1
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula [Ru(C47H51O6P3)(C4H6)]·0.5C4H10O
Mr 997.00
Crystal system, space group Triclinic, PMathematical equation
Temperature (K) 130
a, b, c (Å) 9.1504 (13), 11.6521 (16), 24.868 (4)
α, β, γ (°) 95.453 (3), 98.296 (3), 90.372 (3)
V3) 2611.3 (6)
Z 2
Radiation type Mo Kα
μ (mm−1) 0.44
Crystal size (mm) 0.36 × 0.21 × 0.08
 
Data collection
Diffractometer Bruker APEXII CCD
Absorption correction Multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015[Krause, L., Herbst-Irmer, R., Sheldrick, G. M. & Stalke, D. (2015). J. Appl. Cryst. 48, 3-10.])
Tmin, Tmax 0.86, 0.97
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 111738, 13249, 12183
Rint 0.033
(sin θ/λ)max−1) 0.671
 
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.034, 0.084, 1.10
No. of reflections 13249
No. of parameters 620
No. of restraints 3
H-atom treatment H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 1.33, −0.71
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2014[Bruker (2014). APEX2. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]), SAINT (Bruker, 2013[Bruker (2013). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a[Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3-8.]), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b[Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3-8.]), XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Mills, N. (2006). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13649-13650.]) and ChemDraw (Mills, 2006[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]).

Structural data


Computing details top

(η4-2-Methylidenepropane-1,3-diyl)(1,1,1-tris{[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphanyl]methyl}ethane)ruthenium(II) diethyl ether hemisolvate top
Crystal data top
[Ru(C47H51O6P3)(C4H6)]·0.5C4H10OZ = 2
Mr = 997.00F(000) = 1042
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.268 Mg m3
a = 9.1504 (13) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 11.6521 (16) ÅCell parameters from 9069 reflections
c = 24.868 (4) Åθ = 2.3–29.1°
α = 95.453 (3)°µ = 0.44 mm1
β = 98.296 (3)°T = 130 K
γ = 90.372 (3)°Needle, pale yellow
V = 2611.3 (6) Å30.36 × 0.21 × 0.08 mm
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII CCD
diffractometer
13249 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube12183 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm-1Rint = 0.033
φ and ω scansθmax = 28.5°, θmin = 1.7°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)
h = 1212
Tmin = 0.86, Tmax = 0.97k = 1515
111738 measured reflectionsl = 3333
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.084 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.031P)2 + 2.8623P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.10(Δ/σ)max = 0.002
13249 reflectionsΔρmax = 1.33 e Å3
620 parametersΔρmin = 0.71 e Å3
3 restraints
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
C520.2204 (13)0.0943 (7)0.0211 (6)0.100 (3)0.5
H52A0.3213470.0804570.0381540.150*0.5
H52B0.2211190.1087820.0170450.150*0.5
H52C0.1816100.1615980.0407670.150*0.5
C530.1226 (9)0.0114 (6)0.0233 (3)0.0644 (19)0.5
H53A0.1614940.0798950.0037760.077*0.5
H53B0.1218600.0269130.0617710.077*0.5
O70.0243 (8)0.0106 (11)0.0018 (11)0.062 (3)0.5
C540.1170 (8)0.0891 (6)0.0001 (3)0.067 (2)0.5
H54A0.1172470.1078620.0379230.080*0.5
H54B0.0841390.1570610.0218710.080*0.5
C550.2705 (12)0.0508 (8)0.0253 (6)0.100 (3)0.5
H55A0.3427760.1136200.0260210.150*0.5
H55B0.2996400.0171330.0032680.150*0.5
H55C0.2667920.0316800.0625930.150*0.5
C10.5470 (2)0.61076 (18)0.28588 (8)0.0242 (4)
C20.4926 (2)0.65582 (19)0.33462 (9)0.0252 (4)
C30.5827 (2)0.69415 (18)0.25073 (9)0.0246 (4)
C40.4727 (2)0.50839 (18)0.25813 (9)0.0263 (4)
C50.3395 (2)0.66565 (16)0.11064 (8)0.0195 (3)
C60.4690 (2)0.60314 (17)0.11157 (8)0.0224 (4)
H60.4983240.5589380.1413490.027*
C70.5568 (2)0.60328 (17)0.07037 (8)0.0238 (4)
H70.6447230.5599890.0720500.029*
C80.5142 (2)0.66761 (17)0.02672 (8)0.0237 (4)
C90.3839 (2)0.72973 (18)0.02440 (8)0.0254 (4)
H90.3538650.7728310.0057170.030*
C100.2984 (2)0.72854 (17)0.06592 (8)0.0231 (4)
H100.2101090.7713080.0639970.028*
C110.7246 (2)0.6149 (2)0.01589 (9)0.0327 (5)
H11A0.7941290.6433730.0164410.049*
H11B0.7671240.6274350.0488880.049*
H11C0.7052910.5322860.0151060.049*
C120.12986 (19)0.52183 (16)0.14134 (7)0.0190 (3)
C130.1551 (2)0.42421 (16)0.16889 (8)0.0216 (4)
H130.2281180.4277260.2003260.026*
C140.0769 (2)0.32137 (17)0.15196 (8)0.0236 (4)
H140.0971200.2555170.1713610.028*
C150.0308 (2)0.31589 (16)0.10658 (8)0.0231 (4)
C160.0551 (2)0.41133 (17)0.07690 (8)0.0246 (4)
H160.1265660.4068810.0449770.029*
C170.0248 (2)0.51225 (17)0.09400 (8)0.0228 (4)
H170.0083610.5766050.0732940.027*
C180.1004 (3)0.12417 (19)0.11811 (11)0.0367 (5)
H18A0.0003690.0948080.1178490.055*
H18B0.1727190.0637900.1017350.055*
H18C0.1157460.1468520.1558180.055*
C190.0495 (2)0.48835 (16)0.28390 (8)0.0199 (3)
C200.1490 (2)0.41319 (18)0.30955 (10)0.0291 (4)
H200.2471180.4396750.3228930.035*
C210.1088 (2)0.30162 (19)0.31603 (10)0.0340 (5)
H210.1789970.2520110.3332410.041*
C220.0350 (2)0.26201 (17)0.29728 (9)0.0274 (4)
C230.1365 (2)0.33463 (18)0.27237 (9)0.0276 (4)
H230.2349240.3081540.2596610.033*
C240.0937 (2)0.44721 (17)0.26592 (8)0.0243 (4)
H240.1642100.4967840.2488360.029*
C250.2109 (3)0.1078 (2)0.29005 (12)0.0400 (6)
H25A0.2777460.1557150.3095840.060*
H25B0.2178440.0280180.2990410.060*
H25C0.2388960.1103210.2506290.060*
C260.07060 (19)0.70110 (16)0.34557 (8)0.0197 (3)
C270.0748 (2)0.7017 (2)0.35736 (9)0.0302 (5)
H270.1523480.6696620.3304620.036*
C280.1071 (2)0.7478 (2)0.40708 (10)0.0387 (6)
H280.2066120.7489020.4139080.046*
C290.0051 (2)0.7930 (2)0.44753 (9)0.0319 (5)
C300.1493 (2)0.79189 (18)0.43740 (8)0.0247 (4)
H300.2268160.8217530.4648740.030*
C310.1803 (2)0.74652 (16)0.38648 (8)0.0213 (4)
H310.2797590.7467550.3796090.026*
C320.0767 (3)0.8793 (3)0.53848 (11)0.0580 (9)
H32A0.1458360.8175600.5472110.087*
H32B0.0334390.9066930.5710620.087*
H32C0.1295880.9432180.5263160.087*
C330.3431 (2)0.95068 (15)0.32834 (7)0.0189 (3)
C340.2506 (2)1.00783 (17)0.36094 (8)0.0218 (4)
H340.1470431.0044000.3492470.026*
C350.3056 (2)1.07035 (17)0.41053 (8)0.0237 (4)
H350.2399321.1087470.4321870.028*
C360.4563 (2)1.07605 (17)0.42795 (8)0.0234 (4)
C370.5518 (2)1.02067 (19)0.39530 (9)0.0279 (4)
H370.6555511.0255000.4066510.034*
C380.4954 (2)0.95914 (18)0.34668 (8)0.0256 (4)
H380.5613610.9213720.3249530.031*
C390.4289 (3)1.1922 (2)0.50943 (9)0.0389 (5)
H39A0.3758671.2516890.4895570.058*
H39B0.4884661.2284050.5427080.058*
H39C0.3576751.1374630.5191870.058*
C400.37004 (19)0.96025 (16)0.22014 (8)0.0199 (3)
C410.3493 (2)1.07899 (17)0.22652 (8)0.0239 (4)
H410.2903081.1094340.2527560.029*
C420.4119 (2)1.15405 (17)0.19579 (8)0.0250 (4)
H420.3969871.2346860.2012350.030*
C430.4971 (2)1.10942 (17)0.15678 (8)0.0233 (4)
C440.5182 (2)0.99107 (17)0.14955 (8)0.0240 (4)
H440.5750410.9602990.1226910.029*
C450.4567 (2)0.91808 (16)0.18132 (8)0.0204 (4)
H450.4740000.8376950.1765650.025*
C460.5586 (3)1.29621 (18)0.13423 (9)0.0310 (4)
H46A0.4557421.3206280.1285100.047*
H46B0.6142461.3325070.1092940.047*
H46C0.6026191.3195360.1720360.047*
C470.0911 (2)0.76620 (16)0.15491 (8)0.0194 (3)
H47A0.1390730.8369200.1459400.023*
H47B0.0193200.7374440.1226840.023*
C480.03391 (19)0.69010 (16)0.23091 (8)0.0189 (3)
H48A0.0659660.6272720.2018360.023*
H48B0.1192030.7084730.2503530.023*
C490.08936 (19)0.89055 (16)0.24598 (8)0.0197 (3)
H49A0.0436890.8936170.2798260.024*
H49B0.0771000.9668390.2316360.024*
C500.00576 (19)0.79829 (15)0.20347 (7)0.0181 (3)
C510.1412 (2)0.84997 (17)0.18005 (8)0.0230 (4)
H51A0.1942920.8782980.2100300.034*
H51B0.2015310.7905500.1561040.034*
H51C0.1215620.9140160.1590850.034*
O10.58996 (17)0.67523 (14)0.01606 (6)0.0308 (3)
O20.11837 (17)0.22147 (13)0.08752 (7)0.0313 (3)
O30.06470 (18)0.14986 (13)0.30570 (8)0.0381 (4)
O40.03867 (18)0.8359 (2)0.49571 (7)0.0530 (6)
O50.52291 (16)1.13276 (14)0.47578 (6)0.0309 (3)
O60.56350 (18)1.17425 (13)0.12387 (6)0.0309 (3)
P10.23330 (5)0.65646 (4)0.16726 (2)0.01707 (9)
P20.11526 (5)0.63599 (4)0.27960 (2)0.01704 (9)
P30.28904 (5)0.86405 (4)0.26319 (2)0.01700 (9)
Ru10.34344 (2)0.67321 (2)0.25595 (2)0.01663 (4)
H2A0.462 (3)0.604 (2)0.3568 (9)0.022 (6)*
H2B0.537 (3)0.728 (2)0.3517 (10)0.025 (6)*
H3A0.626 (3)0.763 (2)0.2679 (10)0.030 (6)*
H3B0.615 (3)0.669 (2)0.2170 (11)0.033 (7)*
H4A0.499 (3)0.480 (2)0.2226 (10)0.025 (6)*
H4B0.444 (3)0.455 (2)0.2785 (10)0.025 (6)*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
C520.125 (8)0.045 (5)0.112 (5)0.021 (4)0.050 (5)0.019 (5)
C530.081 (5)0.057 (4)0.053 (4)0.026 (4)0.002 (4)0.005 (3)
O70.073 (7)0.040 (5)0.072 (4)0.004 (5)0.011 (8)0.001 (5)
C540.069 (4)0.056 (4)0.073 (5)0.024 (3)0.026 (4)0.033 (3)
C550.125 (8)0.045 (5)0.112 (5)0.021 (4)0.050 (5)0.019 (5)
C10.0125 (8)0.0307 (10)0.0281 (10)0.0060 (7)0.0010 (7)0.0009 (8)
C20.0166 (8)0.0313 (10)0.0261 (10)0.0004 (7)0.0026 (7)0.0035 (8)
C30.0104 (8)0.0298 (10)0.0317 (10)0.0018 (7)0.0025 (7)0.0053 (8)
C40.0235 (9)0.0264 (10)0.0286 (10)0.0086 (8)0.0021 (8)0.0029 (8)
C50.0175 (8)0.0197 (8)0.0206 (8)0.0004 (7)0.0023 (7)0.0014 (7)
C60.0207 (9)0.0234 (9)0.0229 (9)0.0016 (7)0.0025 (7)0.0018 (7)
C70.0200 (9)0.0256 (9)0.0261 (9)0.0044 (7)0.0042 (7)0.0020 (7)
C80.0231 (9)0.0263 (9)0.0215 (9)0.0011 (7)0.0046 (7)0.0003 (7)
C90.0270 (10)0.0266 (10)0.0225 (9)0.0035 (8)0.0027 (7)0.0039 (8)
C100.0200 (9)0.0240 (9)0.0247 (9)0.0033 (7)0.0017 (7)0.0013 (7)
C110.0255 (10)0.0430 (13)0.0318 (11)0.0051 (9)0.0106 (9)0.0041 (9)
C120.0152 (8)0.0205 (8)0.0206 (8)0.0006 (6)0.0025 (6)0.0009 (7)
C130.0184 (8)0.0231 (9)0.0225 (9)0.0038 (7)0.0008 (7)0.0007 (7)
C140.0235 (9)0.0198 (9)0.0274 (10)0.0024 (7)0.0019 (7)0.0045 (7)
C150.0208 (9)0.0198 (9)0.0278 (10)0.0019 (7)0.0033 (7)0.0014 (7)
C160.0229 (9)0.0244 (9)0.0242 (9)0.0017 (7)0.0031 (7)0.0009 (7)
C170.0221 (9)0.0206 (9)0.0248 (9)0.0001 (7)0.0007 (7)0.0037 (7)
C180.0373 (12)0.0237 (10)0.0479 (14)0.0070 (9)0.0001 (10)0.0077 (10)
C190.0169 (8)0.0197 (8)0.0227 (9)0.0010 (7)0.0027 (7)0.0005 (7)
C200.0180 (9)0.0237 (10)0.0436 (12)0.0001 (7)0.0035 (8)0.0056 (9)
C210.0247 (10)0.0254 (10)0.0505 (14)0.0037 (8)0.0027 (9)0.0092 (9)
C220.0267 (10)0.0195 (9)0.0361 (11)0.0017 (7)0.0046 (8)0.0033 (8)
C230.0199 (9)0.0284 (10)0.0329 (11)0.0063 (8)0.0013 (8)0.0033 (8)
C240.0179 (9)0.0256 (9)0.0287 (10)0.0002 (7)0.0003 (7)0.0049 (8)
C250.0351 (12)0.0267 (11)0.0588 (16)0.0100 (9)0.0092 (11)0.0044 (10)
C260.0150 (8)0.0214 (8)0.0224 (9)0.0013 (6)0.0031 (7)0.0001 (7)
C270.0140 (8)0.0447 (12)0.0291 (10)0.0012 (8)0.0018 (7)0.0097 (9)
C280.0146 (9)0.0615 (16)0.0360 (12)0.0008 (9)0.0049 (8)0.0173 (11)
C290.0217 (10)0.0448 (13)0.0266 (10)0.0021 (9)0.0033 (8)0.0097 (9)
C300.0181 (8)0.0306 (10)0.0234 (9)0.0009 (7)0.0012 (7)0.0011 (8)
C310.0150 (8)0.0249 (9)0.0243 (9)0.0009 (7)0.0027 (7)0.0045 (7)
C320.0285 (12)0.104 (3)0.0331 (13)0.0007 (14)0.0012 (10)0.0324 (15)
C330.0169 (8)0.0187 (8)0.0209 (8)0.0008 (6)0.0033 (7)0.0002 (7)
C340.0160 (8)0.0253 (9)0.0233 (9)0.0013 (7)0.0025 (7)0.0006 (7)
C350.0215 (9)0.0264 (9)0.0229 (9)0.0022 (7)0.0055 (7)0.0023 (7)
C360.0230 (9)0.0252 (9)0.0210 (9)0.0023 (7)0.0018 (7)0.0008 (7)
C370.0158 (8)0.0354 (11)0.0304 (10)0.0026 (8)0.0020 (7)0.0062 (8)
C380.0171 (8)0.0315 (10)0.0275 (10)0.0008 (7)0.0061 (7)0.0051 (8)
C390.0349 (12)0.0517 (15)0.0265 (11)0.0042 (10)0.0027 (9)0.0128 (10)
C400.0155 (8)0.0223 (9)0.0216 (9)0.0005 (6)0.0023 (7)0.0017 (7)
C410.0231 (9)0.0225 (9)0.0268 (10)0.0053 (7)0.0071 (7)0.0005 (7)
C420.0264 (9)0.0204 (9)0.0289 (10)0.0050 (7)0.0058 (8)0.0029 (7)
C430.0209 (9)0.0242 (9)0.0253 (9)0.0007 (7)0.0043 (7)0.0037 (7)
C440.0219 (9)0.0251 (9)0.0257 (9)0.0020 (7)0.0075 (7)0.0002 (7)
C450.0165 (8)0.0197 (8)0.0246 (9)0.0001 (6)0.0033 (7)0.0009 (7)
C460.0396 (12)0.0238 (10)0.0308 (11)0.0004 (9)0.0071 (9)0.0056 (8)
C470.0171 (8)0.0190 (8)0.0212 (9)0.0025 (6)0.0005 (7)0.0021 (7)
C480.0118 (7)0.0200 (8)0.0243 (9)0.0008 (6)0.0006 (6)0.0026 (7)
C490.0137 (8)0.0191 (8)0.0256 (9)0.0024 (6)0.0024 (7)0.0009 (7)
C500.0138 (7)0.0191 (8)0.0214 (8)0.0025 (6)0.0013 (6)0.0028 (7)
C510.0162 (8)0.0221 (9)0.0305 (10)0.0031 (7)0.0011 (7)0.0048 (7)
O10.0283 (7)0.0407 (9)0.0265 (7)0.0080 (6)0.0109 (6)0.0083 (6)
O20.0307 (8)0.0221 (7)0.0381 (9)0.0074 (6)0.0048 (6)0.0027 (6)
O30.0315 (8)0.0214 (7)0.0608 (11)0.0036 (6)0.0020 (8)0.0082 (7)
O40.0213 (8)0.0959 (16)0.0343 (9)0.0015 (9)0.0035 (7)0.0315 (10)
O50.0249 (7)0.0406 (9)0.0240 (7)0.0013 (6)0.0011 (6)0.0096 (6)
O60.0388 (8)0.0234 (7)0.0341 (8)0.0016 (6)0.0155 (7)0.0059 (6)
P10.01360 (19)0.0177 (2)0.0192 (2)0.00138 (16)0.00080 (16)0.00047 (17)
P20.01133 (19)0.0185 (2)0.0206 (2)0.00093 (16)0.00078 (16)0.00072 (17)
P30.01225 (19)0.0183 (2)0.0201 (2)0.00043 (16)0.00272 (16)0.00046 (17)
Ru10.01074 (7)0.01885 (7)0.01943 (7)0.00181 (5)0.00065 (5)0.00034 (5)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
C52—C531.529 (8)C25—O31.410 (3)
C52—H52A0.9800C25—H25A0.9800
C52—H52B0.9800C25—H25B0.9800
C52—H52C0.9800C25—H25C0.9800
C53—O71.434 (11)C26—C311.385 (3)
C53—H53A0.9900C26—C271.403 (3)
C53—H53B0.9900C26—P21.8425 (19)
O7—C541.441 (12)C27—C281.373 (3)
C54—C551.540 (8)C27—H270.9500
C54—H54A0.9900C28—C291.392 (3)
C54—H54B0.9900C28—H280.9500
C55—H55A0.9800C29—O41.369 (3)
C55—H55B0.9800C29—C301.378 (3)
C55—H55C0.9800C30—C311.393 (3)
C1—C21.431 (3)C30—H300.9500
C1—C31.433 (3)C31—H310.9500
C1—C41.435 (3)C32—O41.438 (3)
C1—Ru12.0674 (18)C32—H32A0.9800
C2—Ru12.245 (2)C32—H32B0.9800
C2—H2A0.92 (2)C32—H32C0.9800
C2—H2B0.96 (2)C33—C341.385 (2)
C3—Ru12.2249 (18)C33—C381.402 (3)
C3—H3A0.93 (3)C33—P31.8275 (19)
C3—H3B0.95 (3)C34—C351.397 (3)
C4—Ru12.263 (2)C34—H340.9500
C4—H4A0.97 (2)C35—C361.383 (3)
C4—H4B0.90 (2)C35—H350.9500
C5—C61.393 (3)C36—O51.364 (2)
C5—C101.398 (3)C36—C371.397 (3)
C5—P11.8335 (19)C37—C381.376 (3)
C6—C71.390 (3)C37—H370.9500
C6—H60.9500C38—H380.9500
C7—C81.389 (3)C39—O51.423 (3)
C7—H70.9500C39—H39A0.9800
C8—O11.360 (2)C39—H39B0.9800
C8—C91.396 (3)C39—H39C0.9800
C9—C101.383 (3)C40—C451.392 (3)
C9—H90.9500C40—C411.395 (3)
C10—H100.9500C40—P31.8435 (19)
C11—O11.422 (3)C41—C421.387 (3)
C11—H11A0.9800C41—H410.9500
C11—H11B0.9800C42—C431.395 (3)
C11—H11C0.9800C42—H420.9500
C12—C131.387 (3)C43—O61.366 (2)
C12—C171.404 (3)C43—C441.392 (3)
C12—P11.8398 (19)C44—C451.383 (3)
C13—C141.390 (3)C44—H440.9500
C13—H130.9500C45—H450.9500
C14—C151.383 (3)C46—O61.422 (3)
C14—H140.9500C46—H46A0.9800
C15—O21.363 (2)C46—H46B0.9800
C15—C161.394 (3)C46—H46C0.9800
C16—C171.379 (3)C47—C501.548 (3)
C16—H160.9500C47—P11.8448 (18)
C17—H170.9500C47—H47A0.9900
C18—O21.422 (3)C47—H47B0.9900
C18—H18A0.9800C48—C501.554 (3)
C18—H18B0.9800C48—P21.8456 (18)
C18—H18C0.9800C48—H48A0.9900
C19—C241.389 (3)C48—H48B0.9900
C19—C201.397 (3)C49—C501.549 (3)
C19—P21.8365 (19)C49—P31.8504 (18)
C20—C211.379 (3)C49—H49A0.9900
C20—H200.9500C49—H49B0.9900
C21—C221.391 (3)C50—C511.537 (2)
C21—H210.9500C51—H51A0.9800
C22—O31.374 (2)C51—H51B0.9800
C22—C231.381 (3)C51—H51C0.9800
C23—C241.397 (3)P1—Ru12.2787 (6)
C23—H230.9500P2—Ru12.2988 (5)
C24—H240.9500P3—Ru12.2780 (6)
C53—C52—H52A109.5C29—C30—H30120.3
C53—C52—H52B109.5C31—C30—H30120.3
H52A—C52—H52B109.5C26—C31—C30122.06 (17)
C53—C52—H52C109.5C26—C31—H31119.0
H52A—C52—H52C109.5C30—C31—H31119.0
H52B—C52—H52C109.5O4—C32—H32A109.5
O7—C53—C52108.6 (10)O4—C32—H32B109.5
O7—C53—H53A110.0H32A—C32—H32B109.5
C52—C53—H53A110.0O4—C32—H32C109.5
O7—C53—H53B110.0H32A—C32—H32C109.5
C52—C53—H53B110.0H32B—C32—H32C109.5
H53A—C53—H53B108.3C34—C33—C38117.36 (17)
C53—O7—C54108.9 (12)C34—C33—P3127.20 (14)
O7—C54—C55103.0 (8)C38—C33—P3115.44 (14)
O7—C54—H54A111.2C33—C34—C35121.78 (17)
C55—C54—H54A111.2C33—C34—H34119.1
O7—C54—H54B111.2C35—C34—H34119.1
C55—C54—H54B111.2C36—C35—C34119.62 (18)
H54A—C54—H54B109.1C36—C35—H35120.2
C54—C55—H55A109.5C34—C35—H35120.2
C54—C55—H55B109.5O5—C36—C35125.08 (18)
H55A—C55—H55B109.5O5—C36—C37115.32 (17)
C54—C55—H55C109.5C35—C36—C37119.61 (18)
H55A—C55—H55C109.5C38—C37—C36119.85 (18)
H55B—C55—H55C109.5C38—C37—H37120.1
C2—C1—C3115.95 (18)C36—C37—H37120.1
C2—C1—C4115.50 (18)C37—C38—C33121.77 (18)
C3—C1—C4114.71 (18)C37—C38—H38119.1
C2—C1—Ru177.48 (11)C33—C38—H38119.1
C3—C1—Ru176.55 (11)O5—C39—H39A109.5
C4—C1—Ru178.20 (11)O5—C39—H39B109.5
C1—C2—Ru164.03 (10)H39A—C39—H39B109.5
C1—C2—H2A117.9 (15)O5—C39—H39C109.5
Ru1—C2—H2A116.4 (15)H39A—C39—H39C109.5
C1—C2—H2B115.6 (14)H39B—C39—H39C109.5
Ru1—C2—H2B113.6 (14)C45—C40—C41117.67 (17)
H2A—C2—H2B118 (2)C45—C40—P3121.63 (14)
C1—C3—Ru164.65 (10)C41—C40—P3120.68 (14)
C1—C3—H3A116.2 (16)C42—C41—C40122.12 (18)
Ru1—C3—H3A115.1 (16)C42—C41—H41118.9
C1—C3—H3B119.9 (16)C40—C41—H41118.9
Ru1—C3—H3B117.6 (16)C41—C42—C43119.05 (18)
H3A—C3—H3B114 (2)C41—C42—H42120.5
C1—C4—Ru163.42 (10)C43—C42—H42120.5
C1—C4—H4A117.9 (14)O6—C43—C44115.84 (17)
Ru1—C4—H4A112.8 (14)O6—C43—C42124.51 (18)
C1—C4—H4B117.9 (16)C44—C43—C42119.65 (18)
Ru1—C4—H4B117.1 (15)C45—C44—C43120.27 (18)
H4A—C4—H4B117 (2)C45—C44—H44119.9
C6—C5—C10117.52 (17)C43—C44—H44119.9
C6—C5—P1117.64 (14)C44—C45—C40121.22 (18)
C10—C5—P1124.82 (14)C44—C45—H45119.4
C7—C6—C5122.20 (18)C40—C45—H45119.4
C7—C6—H6118.9O6—C46—H46A109.5
C5—C6—H6118.9O6—C46—H46B109.5
C8—C7—C6119.06 (18)H46A—C46—H46B109.5
C8—C7—H7120.5O6—C46—H46C109.5
C6—C7—H7120.5H46A—C46—H46C109.5
O1—C8—C7124.95 (18)H46B—C46—H46C109.5
O1—C8—C9115.14 (18)C50—C47—P1114.60 (12)
C7—C8—C9119.91 (18)C50—C47—H47A108.6
C10—C9—C8120.04 (18)P1—C47—H47A108.6
C10—C9—H9120.0C50—C47—H47B108.6
C8—C9—H9120.0P1—C47—H47B108.6
C9—C10—C5121.27 (18)H47A—C47—H47B107.6
C9—C10—H10119.4C50—C48—P2115.84 (12)
C5—C10—H10119.4C50—C48—H48A108.3
O1—C11—H11A109.5P2—C48—H48A108.3
O1—C11—H11B109.5C50—C48—H48B108.3
H11A—C11—H11B109.5P2—C48—H48B108.3
O1—C11—H11C109.5H48A—C48—H48B107.4
H11A—C11—H11C109.5C50—C49—P3114.06 (12)
H11B—C11—H11C109.5C50—C49—H49A108.7
C13—C12—C17117.35 (17)P3—C49—H49A108.7
C13—C12—P1119.79 (14)C50—C49—H49B108.7
C17—C12—P1122.87 (14)P3—C49—H49B108.7
C12—C13—C14122.08 (18)H49A—C49—H49B107.6
C12—C13—H13119.0C51—C50—C47107.08 (15)
C14—C13—H13119.0C51—C50—C49107.66 (15)
C15—C14—C13119.33 (18)C47—C50—C49112.30 (15)
C15—C14—H14120.3C51—C50—C48106.66 (14)
C13—C14—H14120.3C47—C50—C48111.73 (15)
O2—C15—C14124.54 (18)C49—C50—C48111.08 (15)
O2—C15—C16115.53 (18)C50—C51—H51A109.5
C14—C15—C16119.93 (18)C50—C51—H51B109.5
C17—C16—C15119.84 (18)H51A—C51—H51B109.5
C17—C16—H16120.1C50—C51—H51C109.5
C15—C16—H16120.1H51A—C51—H51C109.5
C16—C17—C12121.37 (18)H51B—C51—H51C109.5
C16—C17—H17119.3C8—O1—C11117.95 (17)
C12—C17—H17119.3C15—O2—C18116.94 (17)
O2—C18—H18A109.5C22—O3—C25117.59 (18)
O2—C18—H18B109.5C29—O4—C32116.31 (18)
H18A—C18—H18B109.5C36—O5—C39116.73 (17)
O2—C18—H18C109.5C43—O6—C46117.42 (16)
H18A—C18—H18C109.5C5—P1—C1298.09 (8)
H18B—C18—H18C109.5C5—P1—C47102.81 (8)
C24—C19—C20117.37 (18)C12—P1—C47102.11 (8)
C24—C19—P2124.96 (14)C5—P1—Ru1121.90 (6)
C20—C19—P2117.60 (14)C12—P1—Ru1117.49 (6)
C21—C20—C19121.86 (19)C47—P1—Ru1111.63 (6)
C21—C20—H20119.1C19—P2—C2698.09 (9)
C19—C20—H20119.1C19—P2—C48101.82 (8)
C20—C21—C22119.74 (19)C26—P2—C48101.90 (8)
C20—C21—H21120.1C19—P2—Ru1121.79 (6)
C22—C21—H21120.1C26—P2—Ru1118.98 (6)
O3—C22—C23124.68 (19)C48—P2—Ru1111.21 (6)
O3—C22—C21115.52 (19)C33—P3—C4097.02 (9)
C23—C22—C21119.80 (19)C33—P3—C49104.08 (8)
C22—C23—C24119.71 (18)C40—P3—C49101.80 (9)
C22—C23—H23120.1C33—P3—Ru1119.19 (6)
C24—C23—H23120.1C40—P3—Ru1118.98 (6)
C19—C24—C23121.51 (18)C49—P3—Ru1113.02 (6)
C19—C24—H24119.2C1—Ru1—C338.80 (8)
C23—C24—H24119.2C1—Ru1—C238.49 (8)
O3—C25—H25A109.5C3—Ru1—C265.82 (8)
O3—C25—H25B109.5C1—Ru1—C438.37 (8)
H25A—C25—H25B109.5C3—Ru1—C465.11 (8)
O3—C25—H25C109.5C2—Ru1—C465.06 (8)
H25A—C25—H25C109.5C1—Ru1—P3123.22 (6)
H25B—C25—H25C109.5C3—Ru1—P397.30 (6)
C31—C26—C27117.30 (17)C2—Ru1—P3102.46 (6)
C31—C26—P2121.24 (14)C4—Ru1—P3161.15 (6)
C27—C26—P2121.40 (14)C1—Ru1—P1126.73 (6)
C28—C27—C26121.20 (19)C3—Ru1—P1104.12 (6)
C28—C27—H27119.4C2—Ru1—P1164.85 (6)
C26—C27—H27119.4C4—Ru1—P1100.79 (6)
C27—C28—C29120.39 (19)P3—Ru1—P189.759 (17)
C27—C28—H28119.8C1—Ru1—P2129.19 (6)
C29—C28—H28119.8C3—Ru1—P2167.20 (6)
O4—C29—C30124.57 (19)C2—Ru1—P2101.69 (6)
O4—C29—C28115.76 (19)C4—Ru1—P2107.93 (6)
C30—C29—C28119.67 (19)P3—Ru1—P287.931 (17)
C29—C30—C31119.35 (18)P1—Ru1—P287.511 (19)
 

Acknowledgements

Wolfgang Baumann is gratefully acknowledged for the NMR analysis.

References

First citationBruker (2013). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationBruker (2014). APEX2. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationFerretti, F., Scharnagl, F. K., Dall'Anese, A., Jackstell, R., Dastgir, S. & Beller, M. (2019). Catal. Sci. Technol. 9, 3548–3553.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationKrause, L., Herbst-Irmer, R., Sheldrick, G. M. & Stalke, D. (2015). J. Appl. Cryst. 48, 3–10.  Web of Science CSD CrossRef ICSD CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationLiu, W., Sahoo, B., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2018). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 11673–11677.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationMaeda, H., Inone, K., Matsumoto, T., Nagasaki, I., Noyori, R. & Saito, S. (2010). EP 2141142A1.  Google Scholar
First citationMeuresch, M., Westhues, S., Leitner, W. & Klankermayer, J. (2016). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 1392–1395.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationMills, N. (2006). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13649–13650.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationPan, Y., Luo, Z., Yang, J., Han, J., Yang, J., Yao, Z., Xu, L., Wang, P. & Shi, Q. (2022). Adv. Synth. Catal. 364, 2830–2836.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationPapa, V., Cabrero-Antonino, J. R., Spannenberg, A., Junge, K. & Beller, M. (2020). Catal. Sci. Technol. 10, 6125–6137.  Google Scholar
First citationSavourey, S., Lefèvre, G., Berthet, J.-C., Thuéry, P., Genre, C. & Cantat, T. (2014). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 10466–10470.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationScharnagl, F. K., Hertrich, M. F., Neitzel, G., Jackstell, R. & Beller, M. (2019). Adv. Synth. Catal. 361, 374–379.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8.  Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8.  Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSpek, A. L. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18.  Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationvom Stein, T., Meuresch, M., Limper, D., Schmitz, M., Hölscher, M., Coetzee, J., Cole-Hamilton, D. J., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2014). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 13217–13225.  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
First citationvom Stein, T., Weigand, T., Merkens, C., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2013). ChemCatChem 5, 439–441.  CAS Google Scholar
First citationWesselbaum, S., Moha, V., Meuresch, M., Brosinski, S., Thenert, K. M., Kothe, J., Stein, T. V., Englert, U., Hölscher, M., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2015). Chem. Sci. 6, 693–704.  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
First citationWesselbaum, S., vom Stein, T., Klankermayer, J. & Leitner, W. (2012). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51, 7499–7502.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.

Journal logoIUCrDATA
ISSN: 2414-3146