organic compounds
1-(Cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-[(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2(3H)-one
aLaboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco, bCristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisation (CRM2), Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy Cedex, France, and cLaboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Associé au CNRST (URAC16), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390 Bd My Abdellah, Université Cadi Ayyad, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
*Correspondence e-mail: loughzail@gmail.com
In the title compound, C22H21N5O, the triazole ring is inclined at 16.88 (12)° to its phenyl substituent and is almost normal to the benzimidazole ring system, making a dihedral angle of 88.40 (8)°. The cyclohexenyl ring adopts a half-chair conformation and its mean plane is inclined to the benzimidazole ring system by 78.75 (12)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Keywords: crystal structure; benzimidazolone; benzyl azide; triazole; hydrogen bonding.
CCDC reference: 1556697
Structure description
Heterocyclic triazole derivatives are important components of materials with both agrochemical (Bowyer & Denning, 2014) and medicinal (Kumar et al., 2013) applications. 1,2,3-Triazoles display a wide range of interesting biological activities, and are used as anti-inflammatory (De Simone et al., 2011), anti-allergic (Buckle et al., 1986) and anti-HIV agents (Giffin et al., 2008; Whiting et al., 2006). They are also effective in the inhibition of histidine biosynthesis (Ventura et al., 1997). The most widely used method for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles is the Huisgen (1963) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of with organic The condensation reaction of 1-cyclohexenyl-3-prop-2-ynyl-1,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one with azidobenzene in the presence of copper iodide (CuI) under reflux in acetonitrile for one hour gives a single regioisomer of the title compound in good yield.
The molecular structure of the title compound is illustrated in Fig. 1. The triazole ring (N3/N4/N5/C10/C9) is almost normal to the plane of the benzimidazole ring system, making a dihedral angle of 88.36 (8)°. The cyclohexenyl ring (C17/C18–C22), displays a half chair conformation, as indicated by the total puckering amplitude QT = 0.494 (3) Å and the spherical polar angle θ2 = 52.3 (3)° with φ2 = 144.4 (4)°. This ring makes a dihedral angle of 78.75 (12)° with the benzimidazole ring system.
In the crystal, pairs of C16—H16⋯N4 and C10—H10⋯O1 hydrogen bonds (Table 1) each form inversion dimers, enclosing R22(10) and R22(14) rings, respectively. These combine with an additional C4—H4⋯O2 hydrogen bond to link the molecules into a three-dimensional network, as shown in Fig. 2.
Synthesis and crystallization
To a solution of 1-cyclohexenyl-3-prop-2-ynyl-1,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one (3.96 mmole) dissolved in acetonitrile was added azidobenzene (4.69 mmol), in the presence of CuI. The mixture was refluxed for 1 h; the reaction was monitored by thin layer
The mixture was filtered and the solvent removed under vacuum. The solid was purified by on silica gel using hexane/ethyl acetate as The solid product was recrystallized from ethanol solution.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3), δ (p.p.m.): 1.78, 1.90, 2.33, 2.43 (4 m, 8H, CH2–cyclohexenyl), 5.31 (s, 2H, N—CH2), 5.98 (m, 1H, C=CH; H–cyclohexenyl), 7.06–7,74 (m, 9H, H—Ar), 8.09 (s, 1H, H-triazolic). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3), δ (p.p.m.): 21.66, 22.60, 24.73, 26.85 (4 C, CH2–cyclohexenyl), 36.35 (N—CH2), 127.36 (CH=C, C–cyclohexenyl), 121.21 (N—CH=C, C-triazolic), 108.68, 120.56, 121.58, 128.89, 129.74 (C, CH=C, C—Ar), 121.67, 129.53, 132.21, 136.92, 144.00 (6C, =C–), 152,92 (1C, C=O).
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure .
details are summarized in Table 2Structural data
CCDC reference: 1556697
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314617009075/sj4122sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, block. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314617009075/sj4122Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2414314617009075/sj4122Isup3.cml
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2014 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and PLATON (Spek, 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015).C22H21N5O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 371.43 | F(000) = 392 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.317 Mg m−3 |
a = 8.5878 (8) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 9.0603 (8) Å | Cell parameters from 3592 reflections |
c = 12.8566 (12) Å | θ = 3.1–26.4° |
α = 85.076 (7)° | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
β = 82.558 (7)° | T = 293 K |
γ = 70.917 (8)° | Block, colourless |
V = 936.40 (16) Å3 | 0.48 × 0.20 × 0.15 mm |
Bruker X8 APEX Diffractometer | 2866 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed X-ray tube | Rint = 0.029 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 26.4°, θmin = 3.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) | h = −10→8 |
Tmin = 0.811, Tmax = 1.0 | k = −11→11 |
5162 measured reflections | l = −10→16 |
3592 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.054 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.143 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0628P)2 + 0.6025P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.03 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
3592 reflections | Δρmax = 0.67 e Å−3 |
253 parameters | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. All H atoms attached to C atoms were fixed geometrically and treated as riding with C—H = 0.99 Å (methylene), 0.98 Å (methyl), 1.0Å (methine) with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(CH and CH2). The coordinates of H atoms attached to N atoms were freely refined with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(N) and the H attached to hydroxyl O atoms were fixed geometrically and treated as riding with O—H = 0.84Å and Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(O). |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C12 | 0.3923 (3) | −0.3191 (2) | 0.80138 (16) | 0.0229 (5) | |
H12 | 0.4612 | −0.2984 | 0.7440 | 0.028* | |
C16 | 0.1680 (3) | −0.2279 (3) | 0.93894 (17) | 0.0280 (5) | |
H16 | 0.0878 | −0.1458 | 0.9733 | 0.034* | |
C21 | 0.3016 (3) | 0.1477 (3) | 0.10909 (17) | 0.0319 (5) | |
H21A | 0.3956 | 0.1775 | 0.0756 | 0.038* | |
H21B | 0.2138 | 0.1851 | 0.0635 | 0.038* | |
C18 | 0.2255 (3) | −0.0204 (2) | 0.30745 (17) | 0.0315 (5) | |
H18A | 0.1314 | −0.0343 | 0.3528 | 0.038* | |
H18B | 0.3255 | −0.0812 | 0.3385 | 0.038* | |
C19 | 0.2295 (3) | −0.0802 (3) | 0.19899 (19) | 0.0332 (5) | |
H19A | 0.2611 | −0.1934 | 0.2033 | 0.040* | |
H19B | 0.1199 | −0.0393 | 0.1754 | 0.040* | |
C14 | 0.3050 (3) | −0.5029 (3) | 0.92148 (19) | 0.0363 (6) | |
H14 | 0.3161 | −0.6057 | 0.9442 | 0.044* | |
C15 | 0.1856 (3) | −0.3810 (3) | 0.97239 (19) | 0.0361 (6) | |
H15 | 0.1166 | −0.4022 | 1.0295 | 0.043* | |
C20 | 0.3520 (3) | −0.0292 (3) | 0.12117 (18) | 0.0321 (5) | |
H20A | 0.3574 | −0.0717 | 0.0536 | 0.039* | |
H20B | 0.4613 | −0.0699 | 0.1451 | 0.039* | |
C13 | 0.4079 (3) | −0.4719 (3) | 0.83683 (19) | 0.0324 (5) | |
H13 | 0.4887 | −0.5542 | 0.8031 | 0.039* | |
C22 | 0.2430 (3) | 0.2252 (3) | 0.21187 (17) | 0.0300 (5) | |
H22 | 0.2268 | 0.3316 | 0.2137 | 0.036* | |
O1 | 0.43046 (16) | 0.19506 (16) | 0.44443 (11) | 0.0200 (3) | |
N1 | 0.1877 (2) | 0.29311 (18) | 0.55563 (12) | 0.0159 (3) | |
N2 | 0.1672 (2) | 0.22461 (19) | 0.39825 (13) | 0.0170 (4) | |
N5 | 0.2507 (2) | −0.03975 (19) | 0.81699 (12) | 0.0168 (4) | |
N4 | 0.1623 (2) | 0.0792 (2) | 0.87935 (13) | 0.0226 (4) | |
C1 | 0.0200 (2) | 0.3188 (2) | 0.54935 (15) | 0.0163 (4) | |
C2 | −0.1186 (2) | 0.3784 (2) | 0.61908 (16) | 0.0191 (4) | |
H2 | −0.1105 | 0.4075 | 0.6853 | 0.023* | |
C6 | 0.0074 (2) | 0.2742 (2) | 0.45008 (15) | 0.0165 (4) | |
N3 | 0.1596 (2) | 0.2099 (2) | 0.82603 (13) | 0.0231 (4) | |
C10 | 0.3051 (2) | 0.0162 (2) | 0.72346 (15) | 0.0179 (4) | |
H10 | 0.3686 | −0.0407 | 0.6671 | 0.021* | |
C7 | 0.2799 (2) | 0.2326 (2) | 0.46372 (15) | 0.0164 (4) | |
C8 | 0.2612 (2) | 0.3012 (2) | 0.64997 (15) | 0.0180 (4) | |
H8A | 0.2064 | 0.4025 | 0.6797 | 0.022* | |
H8B | 0.3774 | 0.2906 | 0.6317 | 0.022* | |
C11 | 0.2720 (2) | −0.1982 (2) | 0.85310 (15) | 0.0190 (4) | |
C9 | 0.2458 (2) | 0.1753 (2) | 0.73019 (15) | 0.0163 (4) | |
C5 | −0.1435 (3) | 0.2862 (2) | 0.41806 (16) | 0.0207 (4) | |
H5 | −0.1512 | 0.2551 | 0.3524 | 0.025* | |
C17 | 0.2133 (2) | 0.1475 (2) | 0.30030 (15) | 0.0169 (4) | |
C3 | −0.2715 (2) | 0.3932 (2) | 0.58592 (17) | 0.0224 (4) | |
H3 | −0.3676 | 0.4351 | 0.6306 | 0.027* | |
C4 | −0.2841 (3) | 0.3470 (2) | 0.48808 (17) | 0.0225 (5) | |
H4 | −0.3879 | 0.3567 | 0.4690 | 0.027* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C12 | 0.0240 (11) | 0.0246 (11) | 0.0192 (10) | −0.0076 (9) | −0.0007 (8) | 0.0013 (8) |
C16 | 0.0344 (13) | 0.0270 (11) | 0.0227 (11) | −0.0129 (10) | 0.0054 (9) | −0.0021 (9) |
C21 | 0.0428 (14) | 0.0381 (13) | 0.0183 (11) | −0.0185 (11) | −0.0018 (10) | −0.0001 (9) |
C18 | 0.0492 (15) | 0.0207 (11) | 0.0211 (11) | −0.0067 (10) | −0.0038 (10) | 0.0003 (9) |
C19 | 0.0457 (15) | 0.0244 (11) | 0.0303 (13) | −0.0120 (10) | −0.0033 (11) | −0.0033 (9) |
C14 | 0.0582 (17) | 0.0238 (12) | 0.0281 (12) | −0.0177 (11) | 0.0003 (11) | 0.0037 (9) |
C15 | 0.0497 (16) | 0.0322 (13) | 0.0276 (12) | −0.0204 (12) | 0.0085 (11) | 0.0020 (10) |
C20 | 0.0310 (12) | 0.0407 (14) | 0.0251 (12) | −0.0096 (11) | −0.0021 (9) | −0.0127 (10) |
C13 | 0.0435 (14) | 0.0206 (11) | 0.0286 (12) | −0.0060 (10) | 0.0007 (10) | −0.0018 (9) |
C22 | 0.0463 (14) | 0.0250 (11) | 0.0227 (11) | −0.0168 (10) | −0.0048 (10) | 0.0002 (9) |
O1 | 0.0151 (7) | 0.0224 (7) | 0.0216 (7) | −0.0051 (6) | 0.0006 (5) | −0.0039 (6) |
N1 | 0.0161 (8) | 0.0175 (8) | 0.0148 (8) | −0.0058 (6) | −0.0022 (6) | −0.0011 (6) |
N2 | 0.0167 (8) | 0.0190 (8) | 0.0159 (8) | −0.0059 (7) | −0.0015 (6) | −0.0031 (6) |
N5 | 0.0183 (8) | 0.0190 (8) | 0.0135 (8) | −0.0065 (7) | −0.0017 (6) | −0.0011 (6) |
N4 | 0.0283 (10) | 0.0211 (9) | 0.0167 (9) | −0.0065 (7) | 0.0022 (7) | −0.0033 (7) |
C1 | 0.0181 (10) | 0.0128 (9) | 0.0181 (10) | −0.0059 (7) | −0.0021 (7) | 0.0026 (7) |
C2 | 0.0217 (10) | 0.0166 (10) | 0.0176 (10) | −0.0057 (8) | 0.0002 (8) | 0.0016 (8) |
C6 | 0.0175 (10) | 0.0141 (9) | 0.0181 (10) | −0.0060 (8) | −0.0007 (7) | 0.0012 (7) |
N3 | 0.0284 (10) | 0.0205 (9) | 0.0184 (9) | −0.0057 (7) | −0.0001 (7) | −0.0018 (7) |
C10 | 0.0193 (10) | 0.0223 (10) | 0.0123 (9) | −0.0075 (8) | 0.0001 (7) | −0.0019 (7) |
C7 | 0.0189 (10) | 0.0139 (9) | 0.0157 (9) | −0.0048 (8) | −0.0011 (7) | 0.0000 (7) |
C8 | 0.0214 (10) | 0.0187 (10) | 0.0157 (10) | −0.0078 (8) | −0.0041 (8) | −0.0014 (7) |
C11 | 0.0230 (10) | 0.0198 (10) | 0.0166 (10) | −0.0093 (8) | −0.0062 (8) | 0.0015 (8) |
C9 | 0.0159 (9) | 0.0203 (10) | 0.0139 (9) | −0.0067 (8) | −0.0033 (7) | −0.0015 (7) |
C5 | 0.0236 (11) | 0.0179 (10) | 0.0226 (10) | −0.0080 (8) | −0.0076 (8) | 0.0009 (8) |
C17 | 0.0161 (9) | 0.0179 (10) | 0.0167 (9) | −0.0050 (8) | −0.0016 (7) | −0.0028 (7) |
C3 | 0.0174 (10) | 0.0199 (10) | 0.0265 (11) | −0.0042 (8) | 0.0025 (8) | 0.0025 (8) |
C4 | 0.0168 (10) | 0.0207 (10) | 0.0300 (11) | −0.0067 (8) | −0.0040 (8) | 0.0051 (8) |
C12—C11 | 1.384 (3) | N1—C7 | 1.382 (2) |
C12—C13 | 1.388 (3) | N1—C1 | 1.394 (2) |
C12—H12 | 0.9300 | N1—C8 | 1.455 (2) |
C16—C15 | 1.382 (3) | N2—C7 | 1.385 (2) |
C16—C11 | 1.392 (3) | N2—C6 | 1.393 (2) |
C16—H16 | 0.9300 | N2—C17 | 1.439 (2) |
C21—C22 | 1.500 (3) | N5—C10 | 1.351 (2) |
C21—C20 | 1.517 (3) | N5—N4 | 1.355 (2) |
C21—H21A | 0.9700 | N5—C11 | 1.431 (2) |
C21—H21B | 0.9700 | N4—N3 | 1.312 (2) |
C18—C17 | 1.486 (3) | C1—C2 | 1.378 (3) |
C18—C19 | 1.531 (3) | C1—C6 | 1.399 (3) |
C18—H18A | 0.9700 | C2—C3 | 1.394 (3) |
C18—H18B | 0.9700 | C2—H2 | 0.9300 |
C19—C20 | 1.512 (3) | C6—C5 | 1.378 (3) |
C19—H19A | 0.9700 | N3—C9 | 1.358 (3) |
C19—H19B | 0.9700 | C10—C9 | 1.370 (3) |
C14—C13 | 1.380 (3) | C10—H10 | 0.9300 |
C14—C15 | 1.381 (4) | C8—C9 | 1.498 (3) |
C14—H14 | 0.9300 | C8—H8A | 0.9700 |
C15—H15 | 0.9300 | C8—H8B | 0.9700 |
C20—H20A | 0.9700 | C5—C4 | 1.393 (3) |
C20—H20B | 0.9700 | C5—H5 | 0.9300 |
C13—H13 | 0.9300 | C3—C4 | 1.387 (3) |
C22—C17 | 1.326 (3) | C3—H3 | 0.9300 |
C22—H22 | 0.9300 | C4—H4 | 0.9300 |
O1—C7 | 1.222 (2) | ||
C11—C12—C13 | 118.7 (2) | C7—N2—C17 | 123.90 (16) |
C11—C12—H12 | 120.7 | C6—N2—C17 | 125.19 (16) |
C13—C12—H12 | 120.7 | C10—N5—N4 | 110.57 (16) |
C15—C16—C11 | 119.1 (2) | C10—N5—C11 | 129.19 (17) |
C15—C16—H16 | 120.5 | N4—N5—C11 | 120.23 (16) |
C11—C16—H16 | 120.5 | N3—N4—N5 | 107.21 (16) |
C22—C21—C20 | 112.85 (19) | C2—C1—N1 | 131.87 (18) |
C22—C21—H21A | 109.0 | C2—C1—C6 | 121.32 (18) |
C20—C21—H21A | 109.0 | N1—C1—C6 | 106.80 (17) |
C22—C21—H21B | 109.0 | C1—C2—C3 | 117.01 (18) |
C20—C21—H21B | 109.0 | C1—C2—H2 | 121.5 |
H21A—C21—H21B | 107.8 | C3—C2—H2 | 121.5 |
C17—C18—C19 | 111.21 (18) | C5—C6—N2 | 131.24 (18) |
C17—C18—H18A | 109.4 | C5—C6—C1 | 121.64 (19) |
C19—C18—H18A | 109.4 | N2—C6—C1 | 107.10 (16) |
C17—C18—H18B | 109.4 | N4—N3—C9 | 108.87 (16) |
C19—C18—H18B | 109.4 | N5—C10—C9 | 104.52 (17) |
H18A—C18—H18B | 108.0 | N5—C10—H10 | 127.7 |
C20—C19—C18 | 110.10 (19) | C9—C10—H10 | 127.7 |
C20—C19—H19A | 109.6 | O1—C7—N1 | 126.60 (18) |
C18—C19—H19A | 109.6 | O1—C7—N2 | 127.29 (18) |
C20—C19—H19B | 109.6 | N1—C7—N2 | 106.11 (16) |
C18—C19—H19B | 109.6 | N1—C8—C9 | 111.45 (15) |
H19A—C19—H19B | 108.2 | N1—C8—H8A | 109.3 |
C13—C14—C15 | 119.9 (2) | C9—C8—H8A | 109.3 |
C13—C14—H14 | 120.0 | N1—C8—H8B | 109.3 |
C15—C14—H14 | 120.0 | C9—C8—H8B | 109.3 |
C14—C15—C16 | 120.4 (2) | H8A—C8—H8B | 108.0 |
C14—C15—H15 | 119.8 | C12—C11—C16 | 121.16 (19) |
C16—C15—H15 | 119.8 | C12—C11—N5 | 119.89 (18) |
C19—C20—C21 | 110.9 (2) | C16—C11—N5 | 118.93 (19) |
C19—C20—H20A | 109.5 | N3—C9—C10 | 108.83 (17) |
C21—C20—H20A | 109.5 | N3—C9—C8 | 121.42 (17) |
C19—C20—H20B | 109.5 | C10—C9—C8 | 129.73 (18) |
C21—C20—H20B | 109.5 | C6—C5—C4 | 117.29 (19) |
H20A—C20—H20B | 108.0 | C6—C5—H5 | 121.4 |
C14—C13—C12 | 120.8 (2) | C4—C5—H5 | 121.4 |
C14—C13—H13 | 119.6 | C22—C17—N2 | 120.40 (18) |
C12—C13—H13 | 119.6 | C22—C17—C18 | 124.28 (19) |
C17—C22—C21 | 122.4 (2) | N2—C17—C18 | 115.31 (17) |
C17—C22—H22 | 118.8 | C4—C3—C2 | 121.76 (19) |
C21—C22—H22 | 118.8 | C4—C3—H3 | 119.1 |
C7—N1—C1 | 110.11 (15) | C2—C3—H3 | 119.1 |
C7—N1—C8 | 123.32 (16) | C3—C4—C5 | 120.95 (19) |
C1—N1—C8 | 125.74 (16) | C3—C4—H4 | 119.5 |
C7—N2—C6 | 109.84 (16) | C5—C4—H4 | 119.5 |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C4—H4···O1i | 0.93 | 2.53 | 3.303 (2) | 141 |
C16—H16···N4ii | 0.93 | 2.62 | 3.413 (3) | 144 |
C10—H10···O1iii | 0.93 | 2.26 | 3.174 (2) | 167 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1, y, z; (ii) −x, −y, −z+2; (iii) −x+1, −y, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélization (CRM2), Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre lès Nancy CEDEX, France, for the data collection.
References
Bowyer, P. & Denning, D. W. (2014). Pest Manag. Sci. 70, 173–178. CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bruker (2009). APEX2 and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Buckle, D. R., Rockell, C. J. M., Smith, H. & Spicer, B. A. (1986). J. Med. Chem. 29, 2262–2267. CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
De Simone, R., Chini, M. G., Bruno, I., Riccio, R., Mueller, D., Werz, O. & Bifulco, G. (2011). J. Med. Chem. 54, 1565–1575. CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Farrugia, L. J. (2012). J. Appl. Cryst. 45, 849–854. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Giffin, M. J., Heaslet, H., Brik, A., Lin, Y. C., Cauvi, G., Wong, C. H., McRee, D. E., Elder, J. H., Stout, C. D. & Torbett, B. E. (2008). J. Med. Chem. 51, 6263–6270. CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Huisgen, R. (1963). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2, 565–598. CrossRef Google Scholar
Kumar, R., Yar, M. S., Chaturvedi, S. & Srivastava, A. (2013). Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 5, 1844–1869. CAS Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Spek, A. L. (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Ventura, I., Pérez-González, J. A. & Ramón, D. (1997). Microbiol. Lett. 149, 207–212. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Whiting, M., Muldoon, J., Lin, Y. C., Silverman, S. M., Lindstrom, W., Olson, A. J., Kolb, H. C., Finn, M. G., Sharpless, K. B., Elder, J. H. & Fokin, V. V. (2006). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 1435–1439. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.