organic compounds
Sulfamethizole–2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (1/1)
aOndokuz Mayis University, KITAM Research Center, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey, bOndokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey, and cOndokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 55139 Atakum-Samsun, Turkey
*Correspondence e-mail: iclalb@omu.edu.tr
In the title 1:1 9H10N4O2S2·C6H9N3O2 [systematic name: 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide–2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (1/1)], the sulfamethazole molecule is found in the form of the imidine tautomer. In the crystal, the components are linked by a pair of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which generate an R22(8) loop. Further N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the dimers into [100] chains.
CKeywords: crystal structure; sulfamethizole; tautomer; antibacterial molecule.
CCDC reference: 1487652
Structure description
Sulfamethizole [4-amino-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide; SMT] is a bacteriostatic antibiotic drug that contains the sulfonamide group and acts through the of folic acid synthesis in bacteria (Kerrn et al., 2003). The of SMT shows that the molecule exists as the imidine tautomer (Fuglp & Kalman, 1987). SMT displays good solubility in water, but it has a short biological half–life due to fast elimination and therefore bioavailability is limited (Suresh et al., 2015). The drug dose should be increased to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, increasing the drug dosage leads to the occurrence of unwanted side effects and systemic toxicity. It has been reported that the biopharmaceutical properties of drugs can be improved by cocrystalization (Duggirala et al., 2016). Pharmaceutical cocrystal formation can result in a lower dissolution rate and thus, the bioavailability of the drug is increased. The hydrogen-bonding groups in the drug molecule make it capable of forming cocrystals.
Sulfamethizole is a conformationally flexible drug and has rich hydrogen-bond groups (donors: amine NH2 and imine NH; acceptors: sulfonyl O atoms, thiazolidine N and S, and imidine N). Therefore, sulfamethizole can easily form a cocrystal and this is reported extensively in the literature (Suresh et al., 2015; Thomas et al., 2015).
We now report the structure of the 1:1 ), which may provide insight into drug–protein recognition processes in biological systems.
between sulfamethizole and 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (Fig. 1The sulfamethizole molecule is found in the form of the imidine tautomer (see Scheme). Two intermolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds appear in the ). The first (N7—H7A⋯N1) is between the pyrimidine NH group and the sulfaimidine N atom. The other (N2—H2⋯N5) is between the H atom on the thiazole N atom and a pyrimidine ring N atom. These homonuclear hydrogen bonds generate an R22(8) loop motif (Fig. 2).
of the structure (Table 1The dihedral angle between the planes of the thiazole and benzene rings is 82.97 (5)°. The S2—C7—N1—S1 torsion angle is 5.0 (2)°, which is comparable with the sulfa (2.8°) and selanate (5.7°) salts of sulfamethizole, but lower than in sulfamethizole–4-aminopyridine (7.16°) and much lower than in cocrystals of suılfamethizole–4-amino benzoic acid (30.8°) (Thomas et al., 2015). These variations in the dihedral angle were attributed to the strength of the hydrogen bonding involved, since this affects the orientation, conformation and tautomeric form of sulfamethizole due to flexible rotation of the sulfonamide group (Suresh et al., 2015).
Synthesis and crystallization
The title compound was prepared by mixing of 0.5 mmol quantities of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine with 0.5 mmol sulfamethizole obtained commercially. The mixture was then refluxed for 30 min at 323 K and left for slow evaporation for two weeks. Well-defined colourless crystals were collected for X-ray analysis.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure .
details are summarized in Table 2
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Structural data
CCDC reference: 1487652
10.1107/S2414314616010300/hb4056sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S2414314616010300/hb4056Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2414314616010300/hb4056Isup3.cml
Data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); cell
X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2002); data reduction: X-RED32 (Stoe & Cie, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows(Farrugia,2012); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 2012).C9H10N4O2S2·C6H9N3O2 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 425.49 | F(000) = 444 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.443 Mg m−3 |
a = 7.9645 (5) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 10.3576 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 19970 reflections |
c = 12.7222 (7) Å | θ = 2.7–26° |
α = 101.576 (5)° | µ = 0.31 mm−1 |
β = 101.640 (5)° | T = 293 K |
γ = 100.566 (5)° | Prism, colorless |
V = 979.21 (10) Å3 | 0.55 × 0.50 × 0.43 mm |
Stoe IPDS II diffractometer | 4515 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3910 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Detector resolution: 6.67 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.118 |
rotation method scans | θmax = 27.6°, θmin = 2.7° |
Absorption correction: integration (X-RED32; Stoe & Cie, 2002) | h = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.843, Tmax = 0.875 | k = −13→13 |
19762 measured reflections | l = −16→16 |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.111 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0598P)2 + 0.2223P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.08 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4515 reflections | Δρmax = 0.38 e Å−3 |
273 parameters | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.2941 (2) | 0.31995 (17) | 0.69271 (13) | 0.0383 (3) | |
C2 | 0.3406 (2) | 0.45325 (18) | 0.75414 (15) | 0.0445 (4) | |
H2C | 0.4536 | 0.5053 | 0.7641 | 0.053* | |
C3 | 0.2202 (2) | 0.50910 (18) | 0.80052 (15) | 0.0460 (4) | |
H3 | 0.2525 | 0.5989 | 0.8413 | 0.055* | |
C4 | 0.0504 (2) | 0.43251 (17) | 0.78698 (13) | 0.0399 (3) | |
C5 | 0.0044 (2) | 0.29768 (17) | 0.72458 (14) | 0.0421 (4) | |
H5 | −0.1083 | 0.2452 | 0.7146 | 0.051* | |
C6 | 0.1245 (2) | 0.24235 (17) | 0.67801 (14) | 0.0417 (4) | |
H6 | 0.0926 | 0.1529 | 0.6366 | 0.050* | |
C7 | 0.4293 (2) | 0.01659 (18) | 0.67771 (13) | 0.0399 (3) | |
C8 | 0.2797 (3) | −0.2225 (2) | 0.60952 (16) | 0.0525 (4) | |
C9 | 0.1694 (4) | −0.3590 (2) | 0.5459 (2) | 0.0760 (7) | |
H9A | 0.1019 | −0.3523 | 0.4764 | 0.114* | |
H9B | 0.2443 | −0.4201 | 0.5326 | 0.114* | |
H9C | 0.0910 | −0.3925 | 0.5877 | 0.114* | |
C10 | 0.8114 (2) | 0.15307 (18) | 0.99761 (13) | 0.0404 (4) | |
C11 | 0.9544 (3) | 0.0998 (2) | 1.14895 (14) | 0.0456 (4) | |
C12 | 0.8567 (3) | −0.03299 (19) | 1.11218 (14) | 0.0478 (4) | |
H12 | 0.8727 | −0.0975 | 1.1523 | 0.057* | |
C13 | 0.7345 (2) | −0.06289 (18) | 1.01245 (14) | 0.0421 (4) | |
C14 | 0.6485 (3) | −0.2931 (2) | 1.0150 (2) | 0.0664 (6) | |
H14A | 0.5665 | −0.3754 | 0.9712 | 0.100* | |
H14B | 0.7666 | −0.3054 | 1.0225 | 0.100* | |
H14C | 0.6259 | −0.2707 | 1.0870 | 0.100* | |
C15 | 1.1865 (4) | 0.2621 (3) | 1.28728 (18) | 0.0719 (7) | |
H15A | 1.2645 | 0.2678 | 1.3571 | 0.108* | |
H15B | 1.2545 | 0.2803 | 1.2354 | 0.108* | |
H15C | 1.1162 | 0.3276 | 1.2969 | 0.108* | |
N1 | 0.5048 (2) | 0.14709 (15) | 0.70960 (12) | 0.0445 (3) | |
N2 | 0.4668 (2) | −0.06597 (16) | 0.74267 (13) | 0.0484 (4) | |
N3 | 0.3839 (2) | −0.20093 (17) | 0.70591 (14) | 0.0546 (4) | |
N4 | −0.0696 (2) | 0.48684 (19) | 0.83644 (15) | 0.0493 (4) | |
N5 | 0.7090 (2) | 0.02878 (15) | 0.95416 (11) | 0.0428 (3) | |
N6 | 0.9366 (2) | 0.19515 (15) | 1.09468 (12) | 0.0431 (3) | |
N7 | 0.7878 (3) | 0.2465 (2) | 0.93969 (16) | 0.0560 (4) | |
O1 | 0.60116 (18) | 0.35499 (15) | 0.65218 (13) | 0.0567 (3) | |
O2 | 0.36048 (19) | 0.17430 (15) | 0.52230 (10) | 0.0543 (3) | |
O3 | 1.0740 (2) | 0.12920 (16) | 1.24624 (11) | 0.0650 (4) | |
O4 | 0.62877 (19) | −0.18590 (14) | 0.96184 (11) | 0.0556 (3) | |
S1 | 0.44759 (6) | 0.24784 (5) | 0.63460 (3) | 0.04182 (13) | |
S2 | 0.27661 (7) | −0.08031 (5) | 0.55645 (4) | 0.04938 (14) | |
H2 | 0.541 (3) | −0.037 (3) | 0.806 (2) | 0.066 (7)* | |
H4A | −0.043 (3) | 0.575 (3) | 0.8510 (18) | 0.057 (6)* | |
H4B | −0.176 (3) | 0.455 (2) | 0.8035 (18) | 0.049 (6)* | |
H7A | 0.713 (3) | 0.220 (2) | 0.880 (2) | 0.060 (7)* | |
H7B | 0.860 (3) | 0.324 (3) | 0.9634 (19) | 0.055 (6)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0365 (8) | 0.0400 (8) | 0.0366 (7) | 0.0094 (7) | 0.0011 (6) | 0.0131 (6) |
C2 | 0.0389 (9) | 0.0398 (9) | 0.0495 (9) | 0.0015 (7) | 0.0043 (7) | 0.0128 (7) |
C3 | 0.0489 (10) | 0.0340 (8) | 0.0492 (9) | 0.0052 (7) | 0.0055 (8) | 0.0075 (7) |
C4 | 0.0429 (9) | 0.0397 (8) | 0.0372 (8) | 0.0110 (7) | 0.0038 (6) | 0.0147 (6) |
C5 | 0.0346 (8) | 0.0399 (9) | 0.0466 (9) | 0.0044 (7) | 0.0020 (7) | 0.0107 (7) |
C6 | 0.0388 (8) | 0.0358 (8) | 0.0434 (8) | 0.0063 (7) | −0.0010 (7) | 0.0072 (6) |
C7 | 0.0359 (8) | 0.0462 (9) | 0.0355 (8) | 0.0116 (7) | 0.0033 (6) | 0.0094 (7) |
C8 | 0.0562 (11) | 0.0498 (11) | 0.0441 (9) | 0.0000 (9) | 0.0060 (8) | 0.0126 (8) |
C9 | 0.0939 (18) | 0.0550 (13) | 0.0570 (13) | −0.0162 (12) | −0.0001 (12) | 0.0134 (10) |
C10 | 0.0429 (9) | 0.0455 (9) | 0.0351 (8) | 0.0137 (7) | 0.0079 (7) | 0.0140 (7) |
C11 | 0.0513 (10) | 0.0515 (10) | 0.0329 (8) | 0.0166 (8) | 0.0036 (7) | 0.0109 (7) |
C12 | 0.0589 (11) | 0.0471 (10) | 0.0383 (8) | 0.0151 (8) | 0.0031 (8) | 0.0189 (7) |
C13 | 0.0461 (9) | 0.0438 (9) | 0.0376 (8) | 0.0121 (7) | 0.0081 (7) | 0.0136 (7) |
C14 | 0.0813 (15) | 0.0459 (11) | 0.0617 (12) | 0.0022 (11) | −0.0037 (11) | 0.0231 (10) |
C15 | 0.0807 (16) | 0.0658 (14) | 0.0484 (11) | 0.0068 (12) | −0.0171 (11) | 0.0101 (10) |
N1 | 0.0451 (8) | 0.0440 (8) | 0.0396 (7) | 0.0137 (6) | −0.0037 (6) | 0.0109 (6) |
N2 | 0.0511 (9) | 0.0451 (8) | 0.0412 (8) | 0.0075 (7) | −0.0040 (7) | 0.0119 (6) |
N3 | 0.0618 (10) | 0.0451 (9) | 0.0486 (9) | 0.0025 (8) | 0.0020 (7) | 0.0141 (7) |
N4 | 0.0477 (9) | 0.0446 (9) | 0.0549 (9) | 0.0124 (7) | 0.0109 (7) | 0.0110 (7) |
N5 | 0.0454 (8) | 0.0464 (8) | 0.0357 (7) | 0.0109 (6) | 0.0028 (6) | 0.0153 (6) |
N6 | 0.0462 (8) | 0.0445 (8) | 0.0362 (7) | 0.0128 (6) | 0.0043 (6) | 0.0088 (6) |
N7 | 0.0631 (11) | 0.0478 (10) | 0.0496 (9) | 0.0045 (9) | −0.0049 (8) | 0.0219 (8) |
O1 | 0.0430 (7) | 0.0598 (8) | 0.0706 (9) | 0.0088 (6) | 0.0151 (6) | 0.0252 (7) |
O2 | 0.0626 (8) | 0.0652 (9) | 0.0357 (6) | 0.0214 (7) | 0.0056 (6) | 0.0144 (6) |
O3 | 0.0777 (10) | 0.0597 (9) | 0.0430 (7) | 0.0112 (8) | −0.0150 (7) | 0.0142 (6) |
O4 | 0.0634 (9) | 0.0467 (7) | 0.0476 (7) | 0.0032 (6) | −0.0043 (6) | 0.0183 (6) |
S1 | 0.0390 (2) | 0.0474 (2) | 0.0397 (2) | 0.01207 (18) | 0.00461 (16) | 0.01532 (17) |
S2 | 0.0511 (3) | 0.0509 (3) | 0.0368 (2) | 0.0043 (2) | −0.00223 (18) | 0.00978 (18) |
C1—C2 | 1.385 (2) | C11—N6 | 1.325 (2) |
C1—C6 | 1.395 (2) | C11—O3 | 1.341 (2) |
C1—S1 | 1.7544 (17) | C11—C12 | 1.385 (3) |
C2—C3 | 1.377 (3) | C12—C13 | 1.373 (2) |
C2—H2C | 0.9300 | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.395 (3) | C13—N5 | 1.336 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C13—O4 | 1.344 (2) |
C4—N4 | 1.387 (2) | C14—O4 | 1.427 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.402 (2) | C14—H14A | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.374 (2) | C14—H14B | 0.9600 |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C14—H14C | 0.9600 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C15—O3 | 1.429 (3) |
C7—N1 | 1.318 (2) | C15—H15A | 0.9600 |
C7—N2 | 1.334 (2) | C15—H15B | 0.9600 |
C7—S2 | 1.7437 (17) | C15—H15C | 0.9600 |
C8—N3 | 1.286 (2) | N1—S1 | 1.6142 (14) |
C8—C9 | 1.492 (3) | N2—N3 | 1.372 (2) |
C8—S2 | 1.741 (2) | N2—H2 | 0.86 (3) |
C9—H9A | 0.9600 | N4—H4A | 0.87 (2) |
C9—H9B | 0.9600 | N4—H4B | 0.84 (2) |
C9—H9C | 0.9600 | N7—H7A | 0.83 (3) |
C10—N5 | 1.332 (2) | N7—H7B | 0.86 (3) |
C10—N7 | 1.346 (2) | O1—S1 | 1.4387 (15) |
C10—N6 | 1.356 (2) | O2—S1 | 1.4396 (14) |
C2—C1—C6 | 119.65 (16) | C11—C12—H12 | 122.3 |
C2—C1—S1 | 120.42 (13) | N5—C13—O4 | 112.31 (15) |
C6—C1—S1 | 119.92 (13) | N5—C13—C12 | 123.03 (17) |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.25 (17) | O4—C13—C12 | 124.66 (16) |
C3—C2—H2C | 119.9 | O4—C14—H14A | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2C | 119.9 | O4—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.73 (17) | H14A—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.6 | O4—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.6 | H14A—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
N4—C4—C3 | 121.00 (17) | H14B—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
N4—C4—C5 | 120.36 (17) | O3—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
C3—C4—C5 | 118.62 (16) | O3—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.56 (16) | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.7 | O3—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.7 | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C5—C6—C1 | 120.20 (16) | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.9 | C7—N1—S1 | 120.34 (12) |
C1—C6—H6 | 119.9 | C7—N2—N3 | 118.54 (15) |
N1—C7—N2 | 120.79 (15) | C7—N2—H2 | 122.1 (17) |
N1—C7—S2 | 131.24 (13) | N3—N2—H2 | 119.4 (17) |
N2—C7—S2 | 107.97 (13) | C8—N3—N2 | 109.41 (16) |
N3—C8—C9 | 123.13 (19) | C4—N4—H4A | 111.3 (15) |
N3—C8—S2 | 115.29 (16) | C4—N4—H4B | 116.1 (15) |
C9—C8—S2 | 121.58 (16) | H4A—N4—H4B | 111 (2) |
C8—C9—H9A | 109.5 | C10—N5—C13 | 116.13 (14) |
C8—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C11—N6—C10 | 114.42 (16) |
H9A—C9—H9B | 109.5 | C10—N7—H7A | 116.6 (17) |
C8—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C10—N7—H7B | 117.5 (15) |
H9A—C9—H9C | 109.5 | H7A—N7—H7B | 125 (2) |
H9B—C9—H9C | 109.5 | C11—O3—C15 | 119.04 (16) |
N5—C10—N7 | 116.88 (16) | C13—O4—C14 | 117.21 (15) |
N5—C10—N6 | 126.51 (15) | O1—S1—O2 | 117.78 (9) |
N7—C10—N6 | 116.61 (17) | O1—S1—N1 | 106.72 (8) |
N6—C11—O3 | 119.99 (18) | O2—S1—N1 | 111.25 (8) |
N6—C11—C12 | 124.48 (16) | O1—S1—C1 | 107.18 (9) |
O3—C11—C12 | 115.53 (16) | O2—S1—C1 | 107.85 (8) |
C13—C12—C11 | 115.43 (16) | N1—S1—C1 | 105.32 (8) |
C13—C12—H12 | 122.3 | C8—S2—C7 | 88.79 (9) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | 0.0 (2) | O4—C13—N5—C10 | −178.71 (15) |
S1—C1—C2—C3 | −179.37 (13) | C12—C13—N5—C10 | 0.7 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.3 (3) | O3—C11—N6—C10 | −179.90 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—N4 | 177.91 (16) | C12—C11—N6—C10 | 0.4 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.4 (3) | N5—C10—N6—C11 | 0.0 (3) |
N4—C4—C5—C6 | −178.20 (15) | N7—C10—N6—C11 | 179.69 (17) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.1 (2) | N6—C11—O3—C15 | −2.9 (3) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.2 (2) | C12—C11—O3—C15 | 176.8 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | −0.2 (2) | N5—C13—O4—C14 | 178.00 (17) |
S1—C1—C6—C5 | 179.10 (12) | C12—C13—O4—C14 | −1.4 (3) |
N6—C11—C12—C13 | −0.2 (3) | C7—N1—S1—O1 | −149.25 (15) |
O3—C11—C12—C13 | −179.89 (16) | C7—N1—S1—O2 | −19.54 (18) |
C11—C12—C13—N5 | −0.4 (3) | C7—N1—S1—C1 | 97.05 (15) |
C11—C12—C13—O4 | 178.95 (17) | C2—C1—S1—O1 | −7.28 (16) |
N2—C7—N1—S1 | −175.32 (13) | C6—C1—S1—O1 | 173.37 (13) |
S2—C7—N1—S1 | 5.0 (2) | C2—C1—S1—O2 | −135.02 (14) |
N1—C7—N2—N3 | 179.62 (17) | C6—C1—S1—O2 | 45.64 (15) |
S2—C7—N2—N3 | −0.6 (2) | C2—C1—S1—N1 | 106.10 (14) |
C9—C8—N3—N2 | 180.0 (2) | C6—C1—S1—N1 | −73.24 (14) |
S2—C8—N3—N2 | 0.5 (2) | N3—C8—S2—C7 | −0.68 (18) |
C7—N2—N3—C8 | 0.1 (3) | C9—C8—S2—C7 | 179.8 (2) |
N7—C10—N5—C13 | 179.77 (16) | N1—C7—S2—C8 | −179.59 (19) |
N6—C10—N5—C13 | −0.5 (3) | N2—C7—S2—C8 | 0.67 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2—H2···N5 | 0.86 (3) | 1.99 (3) | 2.842 (2) | 179 (2) |
N4—H4A···N6i | 0.87 (2) | 2.29 (3) | 3.151 (2) | 172 (2) |
N4—H4B···O1ii | 0.84 (2) | 2.25 (2) | 3.026 (2) | 153.4 (19) |
N7—H7A···N1 | 0.83 (3) | 2.33 (3) | 3.160 (2) | 179 (2) |
N7—H7B···N4iii | 0.86 (3) | 2.62 (2) | 3.176 (3) | 123.7 (18) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (ii) x−1, y, z; (iii) x+1, y, z. |
Acknowledgements
We thank Ondokuz Mayis University Research Fund (PYO.FEN.1904.12.019) for financial support and also to Professor Dr Orhan Büyükgüngör for collecting the XRD data.
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